Artificial Intelligence (AI), a discipline with decades of history, is living its golden era due to striking developments that solve problems that were unthinkable just a few years ago, like generative models of text, images and video.The broad range of AI applications has also arrived to Physics, providing solutions to bottleneck situations, e.g., numerical methods that could not solve certain problems or took an extremely long time, optimization of quantum experimentation, or qubit control.Besides, Quantum Computing has become extremely popular for speeding up AI calculations, especially in the case of data-driven AI, i.e., Machine Learning (ML).The term Quantum ML is already known and deals with learning in quantum computers or quantum annealers, quantum versions of classical ML models and different learning approaches for quantum measurement and control.Quantum AI (QAI) tries to take a step forward in order to come up with disruptive concepts, such as, human-quantum-computer interfaces, sentiment analysis in quantum computers or explainability of quantum computing calculations, to name a few.This special session includes five high-quality papers on relevant topics, like quantum reinforcement learning, parallelization of quantum calculations, quantum feature selection and quantum vector quantization, thus capturing the richness and variability of approaches within QAI.
Artificial Intelligence (AI), a discipline with decades of history, is living its golden era due to striking developments that solve problems that were unthinkable just a few years ago, like generative models of text, images and video.The broad range of AI applications has also arrived to Physics, providing solutions to bottleneck situations, e.g., numerical methods that could not solve certain problems or took an extremely long time, optimization of quantum experimentation, or qubit control.Besides, Quantum Computing has become extremely popular for speeding up AI calculations, especially in the case of data-driven AI, i.e., Machine Learning (ML).The term Quantum ML is already known and deals with learning in quantum computers or quantum annealers, quantum versions of classical ML models and different learning approaches for quantum measurement and control.Quantum AI (QAI) tries to take a step forward in order to come up with disruptive concepts, such as, human-quantum-computer interfaces, sentiment analysis in quantum computers or explainability of quantum computing calculations, to name a few.This special session includes five high-quality papers on relevant topics, like quantum reinforcement learning, parallelization of quantum calculations, quantum feature selection and quantum vector quantization, thus capturing the richness and variability of approaches within QAI.
Quantum Artificial Intelligence (QAI) combines quantum computing with artificial intelligence (AI) to surpass the traditional barriers of classical computing systems, such as their inability to solve large-scale optimization problems or simulate complex quantum systems, which require exponentially increasing computational resources. Quantum computing, on the other hand, makes use of quantum mechanical phenomena of superposition, entanglement, and interference to process millions of data points in parallel, avoiding the exponential computation needed in many complex problems. QAI combines principles of quantum computing with AI techniques, thereby accelerating model learning. Some of the most notable applications include drug discovery in terms of exact predictions of molecular interactions, due to the enhancement of quantum simulations. There are cryptographic applications where QAI challenges classical encryption but also contains more advanced, non-breakable quantum cryptographic methods. In the same way as general advances in the field of data analysis and optimization, these domains would change: financial modeling, cybersecurity, and climate science. The biggest challenges remaining in scaling quantum hardware are noise and decoherence. Solutions will require major advances in quantum error correction, along with hybrid quantum-classical systems integrating the strengths of each. At this point, added to the list of critical concerns in the development of QAI are ethical considerations such as data privacy, algorithmic bias, and transparency. But all this notwithstanding, QAI has the transformative potential to solve problems that classical AI was unable to solve and drive innovation in domains ranging from healthcare and environmental science to cryptography and beyond. Unlocking its full capabilities and overcoming the resultant technical and ethical challenges is by way of further research and collaboration.
There is a major promise of extensive technical disturbance made by increasing convergence of two rapid development areas: Quantum Computing & Artificial Intelligence (AI). Unlike traditional computers, quantum computer use quantum -mechanical concepts as complication & superposition towards process data in a new way. Because of this, quantum computer machines can improve traditional systems towards solve certain types of problems. Machine learning (ML) algorithm is a sub -region of artificial intelligence aimed at automatically analyzing, interpreting & predicting procedures on a dataset. It is expected that the merger of AI & quantum calculation can quickly increase the processor power available for machine learning, which will accelerate processes such as data analysis, mimic quantum systems & handle complex customization problems. Medication development, material research & encryption abide some of the areas that benefit from the correction of quantum calculation of AI. among Quantum-Enhanced AI, the training machine learning models can endure very quick & more effective, so we can take problems that were impossible in the past. Pattern recognition, classification & decision -making artificial intelligence abide corners of applications; Quanta algorithms can also provide better ways for these features. Nevertheless, there abide still obstacles towards removing, such as creating special quantum algorithms for AI functions, ensuring that quantum systems can fix incorrectly, & make quantum machine scalable. Despite these challenges, the combination of AI & quantum calculation has the opportunity towards enter a new era of technical progress, which has not been able towards solve traditional data processing by answering major, complex problems so far.
The convergence of quantum computing and artificial intelligence has introduced a new paradigm in computational science known as Quantum Artificial Intelligence (QAI). By leveraging quantum mechanical principles such as superposition, entanglement, and quantum parallelism, QAI aims to overcome the limitations of classical machine learning, particularly in handling high-dimensional data, complex optimization, and scalability issues. This paper presents a comprehensive review of foundational concepts in both classical machine learning and quantum computing, followed by an in-depth discussion of emerging quantum algorithms tailored for AI applications, such as quantum neural networks, quantum support vector machines, and variational quantum classifiers. We explore the practical implications of these approaches across key sectors, including healthcare, finance, cybersecurity, and logistics. Furthermore, we identify critical challenges related to hardware limitations, algorithmic stability, data encoding, and ethical considerations. Finally, we outline research directions necessary to advance the field, highlighting the transformative potential of QAI in shaping the next generation of intelligent technologies
Artificial Intelligence (AI) continues to drive innovation across industries, but faces mounting challenges in computational scalability, optimization, and interpretability as models grow increasingly complex. Quantum Artificial Intelligence (QAI) offers a promising path forward by leveraging quantum phenomena such as superposition and entanglement to augment learning processes beyond classical limits. This review synthesizes the recent progress in QAI, emphasizing a comparative perspective framed through its advantages and limitations. It examines how hybrid quantum-classical architectures and variational models seek to address constraints in the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) era, and how applications in healthcare, finance, and cybersecurity illustrate both the potential and the barriers of the field. While several studies have broadly mapped the growth of QAI in algorithms and applications, this paper adopts a different perspective: emphasizing comparative analysis through advantages and limitations. The focus is on where QAI offers unique opportunities, where it encounters obstacles distinct from classical AI and quantum computing, and what research directions may transform these challenges into breakthroughs. By situating QAI within this comparative framework, the paper provides a realistic yet forward-looking assessment of its trajectory as a paradigm poised to reshape computational intelligence.
There has been remarkable development in the data-driven decision-making domain of Artificial Intelligence (AI). However, the complexity of the AI models and the amount of data have shown some drawbacks with conventional computing models. One of the interdisciplinary branches of quantum computing and machine learning is Quantum Machine Learning (QML), which is a combination of quantum computing and machine learning and relies on the unique characteristics of quantum computing, such as superposition, entanglement, and quantum parallelism, to enhance the performance of the machines. This review provides a comprehensive description of theory, architectures, algorithms, implementational approaches, applications, problems, and future directions of QML. The core concepts of quantum computing and machine learning are introduced. Different representations of quantum states, quantum data encoding, variational quantum circuits, quantum kernel methods, and hybrid quantum or classical optimization are discussed. Significant QML algorithms like Quantum Support Vector Machines, Quantum Neural Networks, Variational Quantum Eigen solvers, Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithms, and Quantum reinforcement learning are explored and evaluated for computational power and applications. The scaling up of quantum computer sizes, data encoding overhead, complexity of optimizations, benchmarking, and decoherence are discussed in detail, as well as recent developments in fault-tolerant quantum computing and hybrid learning approaches. Finally, a conceptual framework is given to demonstrate the unification of classical computation and quantum computation to intelligently process data. This review demonstrates how QML could be the next-generation computational method to accelerate scientific advancements and enable new advanced AI technologies.
Quantum Artificial Intelligence (QAI) represents the convergence of quantum computing and machine learning, aiming to harness the computational power of quantum mechanics to enhance the efficiency, scalability, and generalization capability of intelligent systems. This article provides a tutorial on the foundations, models, and emerging directions of QAI. We first review the core concepts of quantum information and hybrid quantum–classical computing, followed by a detailed discussion of variational quantum circuits (VQCs)—the fundamental building blocks of quantum neural networks (QNNs). Building upon these foundations, we introduce representative QAI architectures, including Quantum Convolutional Neural Networks (QCNNs) for pattern recognition, Quantum Long Short-Term Memory (QLSTM) for sequential modeling, and Quantum Reinforcement Learning (QRL) for decision making and control. Advanced topics such as Quantum Architecture Search (QAS), Quantum Fast Weight Programmers (QFWP), and the Quantum-Train (QT) framework are presented to illustrate how classical and quantum models can dynamically co-design and reprogram one another. Furthermore, we discuss federated and distributed quantum learning, encoding complexity, and training challenges such as barren plateaus and hardware constraints. The article concludes with a forward-looking outlook on scalable QAI systems, autonomous quantum agents, and the long-term vision of self-programming, distributed intelligence. By bridging quantum theory, learning algorithms, and system architectures, this work aims to offer both foundational understanding and strategic insights for the next generation of hybrid quantum-classical intelligence.