The aim of this tutorial is to introduce some ideas about quantum mechanics. These are important for understanding spectroscopy (Sections 5 and 6) and aspects of molecular modeling (Section 8). We can adequately describe the behavior of most objects around us with observable quantities,...
Abstract A discussion of the physical meaning of the Schrödinger wave equation can not only constitute an exciting introduction to some of the more abstract ideas of quantum mechanics, but serves more generally as a useful demonstration of the application of mathematics to modern physics. This frontline uses physical concepts and mathematical techniques that would be accessible to a sufficiently interested secondary school student, in order to derive the simplest, one-dimensional case of the time-independent Schrödinger equation: the derivation relies only upon aspects of Newtonian/wave mechanics, quantum theory, complex numbers and calculus that would be covered in an advanced secondary school syllabus.
Chapter 2 begins with a discussion of the de Broglie wave concept that is the foundation of quantum mechanics. The idea that particles can exhibit wave-like behavior is an important part of the explanation of why atoms have discrete energy levels and make transitions in which electromagnetic radiation is absorbed or emitted at specific frequencies. Important aspects of how quantum systems may be observed and how they develop in time are presented. The Schrödinger equation is introduced and the importance of the wavefunction covered. Mathematical simplifications that arise from considering symmetry are covered. Several examples of simple quantum systems are presented in which the calculation of electronic energy structure based on boundary conditions is illustrated. Sections on wave–particle duality and quantum observables are followed by others on the dynamics of two-level systems, mathematically complete representations of arbitrary states, and standard approaches for handling the temporal development of wavefunctions.