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Quantum 2.0 Conference and Exhibition

On the comparison of two integrated photon-pair sources through on-chip Hong-Ou-Mandel interference

Matteo Sanna, Jong-Moo Lee, Alessio Baldazzi, Stefano Azzini, Joon Tae Ahn, Myung‐Lae Lee, Young-Ik Sohn, Lorenzo Pavesi

Published Jan 1, 2023• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate and compare the on-chip Hong-Ou-Mandel interference be-tween two micro-ring resonators and two straight waveguides used as indistinguishable twin photons sources for quantum photonic applications.
DOI
10.1364/quantum.2023.qw2a.20

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In the same silicon photonic integrated circuit, we compare two types of integrated degenerate photon-pair sources (microring resonators and waveguides) using Hong–Ou–Mandel (HOM) interference experiments. Two nominally identical microring resonators are coupled to two nominally identical waveguides, which form the arms of a Mach–Zehnder interferometer. This is pumped by two lasers at two different wavelengths to generate, by spontaneous four-wave mixing, degenerate photon pairs. In particular, the microring resonators can be thermally tuned in or out of resonance with the pump wavelengths, thus choosing either the microring resonators or the waveguides as photon-pair sources, respectively. In this way, an on-chip HOM visibility of 94% with microring resonators and 99% with straight waveguides is measured upon filtering. We compare our experimental results with theoretical simulations of the joint spectral intensity and the purity of the degenerate photon pairs. We verify that the visibility is connected to the sources’ indistinguishability, which can be quantified by the overlap between the joint spectral amplitudes (JSA) of the photon pairs generated by the two sources. We estimate a JSA overlap of 98% with waveguides and 89% with microring resonators.
High visibility on-chip quantum interference among indistinguishable single-photons from multiples sources is a key prerequisite for integrated linear optical quantum computing. Resonant enhancement in micro-ring resonators naturally enables brighter, purer and more indistinguishable single-photon production without any tight spectral filtering. The indistinguisha-bility of heralded single-photons from multiple micro-ring resonators has not been measured in any photonic platform. Here, we report on-chip indistinguishability measurements of heralded single-photons generated from independent micro-ring resonators by using an on-chip Mach-Zehnder interferometer and spectral demultiplexer. We measured the raw heralded two-photon interference fringe visibility as 72 ± 3%. This result agrees with our model, which includes device imperfections, spectral impurity and multi-pair emissions. We identify multi-pair emissions as the main factor limiting the nonclassical interference visibility, and show a route towards achieving near unity visibility in future experiments.
Quantum interference between identical photons lies at the heart of our plan to construct a silicon photonic quantum computer. Several ground-breaking experiments have demonstrated the on-chip interference between photons generated in spiral [1] and ring resonator [2] sources. However, these two-photon experiments have relied on detecting the simultaneous arrival of a pair of photons from either source. In order that such experiments can be scaled-up, we require the multiplexing of probabilistic photon pair sources into an on-demand single photon source [3]. A first step towards this is to demonstrate heralded single photons from different sources will retain the purity and indistinguishability required to interfere with high visibility [4]. In our work we examine photon pair production by spontaneous four-wave mixing in a silicon waveguide source and determine the factors that limit the heralded two-photon interference visibility. We present a novel approach to modelling this generation process using the joint- temporal amplitude and compare our results with experimental data. [1] On-chip quantum interference between silicon photon-pair sources, Nature Photonics 8, 104, (2014). [2] Qubit entanglement between ring-resonator photon-pair sources on a silicon chip, Nature Communications 6, 7948, (2015). [3] Active temporal and spatial multiplexing of photons, Optica 3, 127, (2016) [4] Indistinguishable photon pair generation using two independent silicon wire waveguides, New Journal of Physics 13, 065005, (2011).