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Quantum 2.0 Conference and Exhibition

Quantum entangled Sagnac interferometer

Wen Kui Zhao, Xuan Tang, Xueshi Guo, Xiaoying Li, Z. Y. Ou

Published Jan 1, 2023• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

By inserting quantum entangled SU(1,1) interferometers into a Sagnac interferometers, we form a Sagnac-SU(1,1) interferometer for rotational sensing. We find the rotational signal comes from classical" and quantum" parts with the latter enhanced by quantum entanglement.
DOI
10.1364/quantum.2023.qm2b.2

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A SU(1,1) interferometer (SUI) is a kind of quantum entangled interferometer that uses directly entangled quantum fields for sensing phase change. For rotational sensing, Sagnac geometry is usually adopted. However, because SUI depends on the phase sum of the two arms, traditional Sagnac geometry, when applied to SUI, will result in null signal. In this paper, we modify the traditional Sagnac interferometer by nesting SUIs inside. We show that the rotational signal comes from two parts labeled as “classical” and “quantum,” respectively, and the quantum part, where quantum entangled fields are used for sensing, has the rotational signal enhanced by a factor related to the gain of the SUI.
We investigate quantum sensing of rotation with a multiatom Sagnac interferometer and present multipartite entangled states to enhance the sensitivity of rotation frequency. For studying the sensitivity, we first present a Hermitian generator with respect to the rotation frequency. The generator, which contains the Sagnac phase, is a linear superposition of a zzz component of the collective spin and a quadrature operator of collective bosons depicting the trapping modes, which enables us to conveniently study the quantum Fisher information (QFI) for any initial states. With the generator, we derive the general QFI which can be of square dependence on the particle number, leading to the Heisenberg limit. We further find that the QFI may be of biquadratic dependence on the radius of the ring which confines the atoms, indicating that larger QFI is achieved by enlarging the radius. In order to obtain the square and biquadratic dependence, we propose to use partially and globally entangled states as inputs to enhance the sensitivity of rotation.
Quantum information processing with geometric features of quantum states may provide promising noise-resilient schemes for quantum metrology. In this work, we theoretically explore phase-space geometric Sagnac interferometers with trapped atomic clocks for rotation sensing, which could be intrinsically robust to certain decoherence noises and reach high precision. With the wave guide provided by sweeping ring traps, we give criteria under which the well-known Sagnac phase is a pure or unconventional geometric phase with respect to the phase space. Furthermore, corresponding schemes for geometric Sagnac interferometers with designed sweeping angular velocity and interrogation time are presented, and the experimental feasibility is also discussed. Such geometric Sagnac interferometers are capable of saturating the ultimate precision limit given by the quantum Cram\'er-Rao bound.
Quantum interferometers are able to improve the sensitivity of classical interferometers beyond the shot-noise limit. This is done by employing squeezed states of light and destructive interference of the noise in the system. We developed a quantum SU(1,1) interferometer in the time domain. Our nonlinear quantum interferometer creates interference of the input signals at different times and frequencies. We can control the time and frequency differences for investigating the full temporal and spectral structure of the signal. This quantum interferometer can be utilized for sensing ultrafast phase changes, quantum imaging, temporal mode encoding, and studying the temporal structure of entangled photons.