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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)

Singly Resonant Frequency Conversion for Manipulation of a Frequency-Multiplexed Single Photon

Rikizo Ikuta, Masayo Yokota, Toshiki Kobayashi, Nobuyuki Imoto, Takashi Yamamoto

Published Jun 26, 2023• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Optical frequency conversion is an indispensable technology in modern science and engineering. In particular, recent demand in the field of quantum information processing requires an efficient frequency conversion of a single photon which has quantum information [1], [2] for realizing quantum internet to interconnect various quantum systems. In conventional experiments, such a quantum frequency conversion (QFC) assumes an input of photons at a single frequency mode. However, when we look at frequency-multiplexed quantum communication [3], [4], the QFC will need to accommodate the frequency-multiplexed manner such that it can convert only photons in a target frequency mode from densely frequency-multiplexed input to any desired frequency mode. For this purpose, we construct an optical frequency converter inside a cavity only for the converted mode, which we call optical frequency tweezers [5].

DOI
10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec57999.2023.10232610

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Optical frequency conversion is an indispensable technology in modern science and engineering. In particular, recent demand in the field of quantum information processing requires an efficient frequency conversion of a single photon which has quantum information [1], [2] for realizing quantum internet to interconnect various quantum systems. In conventional experiments, such a quantum frequency conversion (QFC) assumes an input of photons at a single frequency mode. However, when we look at frequency-multiplexed quantum communication [3], [4], the QFC will need to accommodate the frequency-multiplexed manner such that it can convert only photons in a target frequency mode from densely frequency-multiplexed input to any desired frequency mode. For this purpose, we construct an optical frequency converter inside a cavity only for the converted mode, which we call optical frequency tweezers [5].
We show a concept of optical frequency tweezers for tweezing light in the optical frequency domain with a high resolution, which is the frequency version of optical tweezers for the spatial manipulation of microscopic objects. We report a proof-of-principle experiment via frequency conversion inside a cavity only for the converted light. Owing to the atypical configuration, the experiment successfully achieves the tweezing operation in the frequency domain, which picks light at a target frequency from the frequency-multiplexed input light and converts it to a different frequency, without touching any other light sitting in different frequency positions and shaking the frequency by the pump light.
Abstract : The ability to manipulate the carrier frequency of quantum states of light, through a process called quantum frequency conversion (QFC), has numerous applications for both technology and basic science. For example, one can upconvert a single-photonlevel signal in the 1.5- m telecommunications band (where single-photon detection has been challenging) to a visible wavelength to take advantage of well-developed single-photon detectors based on silicon avalanche photodiodes. On the more fundamental side, the manipulation of a single photon's frequency may enable the construction of networks of dissimilar quantum systems, whereby one can imagine generating many-body entangled quantum states over vast distances.
Quantum frequency conversion (QFC) which converts the frequencies of photons while preserving the quantum state is an essential technology for realizing the quantum internet and quantum interconnect. For the QFC based on the frequency downconversion from visible to the telecom wavelengths around 1500 nm, it is widely known that noise photons produced by the strong pump light used for QFC contaminate the frequency-converted photon, which degrades the quality of the quantum property of the photon after QFC. In conventional QFC experiments, noise photons are removed using external narrowband frequency filter systems. In contrast, in this study, we implement a compact QFC device integrating the cavity structure only for the converted mode. While the cavity structure can enhance not only the desired QFC efficiency but also the noise photon generation rate, we show that the cavity-enhanced QFC followed by a relatively wide bandpass filter achieves the signal-to-noise ratio comparable to the QFCs with external narrowband filters. We experimentally demonstrate the cavity-enhanced QFC using a single photon at 780 nm to 1540 nm, in which the non-classical photon statistics is clearly observed after QFC.
Single-photon frequency conversion for quantum interface plays an important role in quantum communications and networks, which is crucial for the realization of quantum memory, faithful entanglement swapping and quantum teleportation. In this chapter, we will present our recent experiments about single-photon frequency conversion based on quadratic nonlinear processes. Firstly, we demonstrated spectrum compression of broadband single photons at the telecom wavelength to the near-visible window, marking a critical step towards coherent photonic interface. Secondly, we demonstrated the nonlinear interaction between two chirped broadband single-photon-level coherent states, which may be utilized to achieve heralding entanglement at a distance. Finally, we theoretically introduced and experimentally demonstrated single-photon frequency conversion in the telecom band, enabling switching of single photons between dense wavelength-division multiplexing channels. Moreover, quantum entanglement between the photon pair is maintained after the frequency conversion. Our researches have realized three significant quantum interfaces via single-photon frequency conversion, which hold great promise for the development of quantum communications and networks.
Single-photon frequency conversion for quantum interface plays an important role in quantum communications and networks, which is crucial for the realization of quantum memory, faithful entanglement swapping and quantum teleportation. In this talk, I will present our recent experiments about single-photon frequency conversion based on quadratic nonlinear processes. Firstly, we demonstrated spectrum compression of broadband single photons at the telecom wavelength to the near-visible window. A positively chirped single-photon-level laser pulse and a negatively chirped classical one are converted to a narrowband single-photon pulse, with a spectrum compression factor of 58, through sum-frequency generation (SFG), marking a critical step towards coherent photonic interface. Secondly, we demonstrated the nonlinear interaction between two chirped broadband single-photon-level coherent states. A high SFG efficiency of 1.06 × 10−7 is realized, which may be utilized to achieve heralding entanglement at a distance. Finally, we theoretically introduced and experimentally demonstrated single-photon frequency conversion in the telecom band, enabling switching of single photons between dense wavelength-division multiplexing channels. Using cascaded quasi-phase matched sum/difference frequency generation, the signal photon of a photon pair from spontaneous down-conversion is precisely shifted to identically match its counterpart, i.e. idler photon, in frequency to manifest a clear non-classical dip in the Hong-Ou-Mandel interference. Moreover, quantum entanglement between the photon pair is maintained after the frequency conversion. Our researches have realized three significant quantum interfaces via single-photon frequency conversion, which hold great promise for the development of quantum communications and networks.
We demonstrate channel-selective frequency up-conversion from telecom wavelengths around 1540 nm for optical fiber communication to visible wavelengths around 780 nm, based on second-order optical nonlinearity in a cavity of the converted modes. In our experiment, we selectively convert a light from any frequency mode within frequency-multiplexed telecom signals to a desired output mode, determined by the cavity resonances. Based on the experimental results of the frequency up-conversion, we derive the signal-to-noise ratio of the process at the single-photon level, and discuss its applicability to channel-selective quantum frequency conversion (CS-QFC) in the context of frequency-multiplexed quantum networks. Finally, we describe specific use cases of the CS-QFC, which show its utility as a reconfigurable switching element in frequency-multiplexed networks, particularly for selectively performing Bell-state measurements between two photons originating from different frequencies.