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Quantum Information Processing

Quantum attribute-based encryption: a comprehensive study

Shion Samadder Chaudhury, Asmita Samanta, Arpita Maitra

Published Sep 3, 2023• 2 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s11128-023-04085-z

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With quantum computing, traditional methods of encryption have become insufficient. This has led to the need for a transition to more reliable and flexible encryption systems. In this context, we examine the latest approaches to attribute-based encryption ABE schemes based on lattice cryptography and hybrid ones that combine symmetric encryption with public key ABE. These systems give post-quantum security in addition to fine-grained control, adaptive policy dynamic enforcement, and multi-level hierarchical control. We examine the most significant gaps regarding revocation, multi-authority frameworks, and ciphertext-controlled policies using LWE and Ring-LWE. Text length, key management complexity, and system interoperability are practical concerns too. A comparative analysis of five schemes shows each one's strengths and weaknesses. Designating the encryption phase speeds up the key generation process, so we implemented a multithreaded structure to address some of the identified performance constraints. This worked with other researchers designing robust quantum-access-controlled systems.
Attribute-based encryption (ABE) cryptography is widely known for its potential to solve the scalability issue of recent public key infrastructure (PKI). It provides a fine-grained access control system with high flexibility and efficiency by labeling the secret key and ciphertext with distinctive attributes. Due to its fine-grained features, the ABE scheme is a protection layer in securing users’ data and privacy in big data processing and analytics. However, quantum computing, new technology on the horizon that will transform the security and privacy environment, has begun to appear. Like the conventional ABE schemes, present cryptography is not excluded from the impacts of quantum technology as they are not made to be quantum-resistant. While most recent surveys generally touched on the generic features of attribute-based encryption schemes such as user revocation, scalability, flexibility, data confidentiality, and scope in pairing-based ABE schemes, this survey investigated quantum-resistant ABE schemes in securing big data. This survey reviews the challenges faced by the recent ABE cryptography in the post-quantum era and highlights its differences from the conventional pairing-based ABE schemes. Subsequently, we defined the criteria of an ideal quantum-resistant ABE scheme. Additionally, existing works on quantum-resistant ABE schemes are reviewed based on their algorithms design, security and functionalities. Lastly, we summarized quantum-resistant ABE schemes’ ongoing challenges and future works.