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Complex Light and Optical Forces

Structuring ultracold atoms with light in an optical cavity

Grant W. Henderson, Gordon R. M. Robb, Gian‐Luca Oppo, Alison M. Yao

Published Mar 15, 2023• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We numerically model the propagation of light through a Kerr medium and through a far-red-detuned Bose Einstein condensate (BEC) inside an optical cavity using Lugiato-Lefever and Gross-Pitaevskii equations. We demonstrate the formation of light-atomic ring lattices with rotation speeds and direction that can be controlled by the orbital angular momentum of the light. In the BEC, we show the possibility of moving from a lattice to a ring-shaped atomic circuit by changing the atomic scattering length, and explore the potential generation of rotating BEC cavity solitons. Our results may be of interest as slow light pulses with fully controllable speed and structure for use in optical quantum memories, for particle manipulation and trapping, and for the novel realization of highly controllable, tightly confined, rotating atomic lattices.

DOI
10.1117/12.2655449

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We numerically model the propagation of light through a Kerr medium and through a far-red-detuned Bose Einstein condensate (BEC) inside an optical cavity using Lugiato-Lefever and Gross-Pitaevskii equations. We demonstrate the formation of light-atomic ring lattices with rotation speeds and direction that can be controlled by the orbital angular momentum of the light. In the BEC, we show the possibility of moving from a lattice to a ring-shaped atomic circuit by changing the atomic scattering length, and explore the potential generation of rotating BEC cavity solitons. Our results may be of interest as slow light pulses with fully controllable speed and structure for use in optical quantum memories, for particle manipulation and trapping, and for the novel realization of highly controllable, tightly confined, rotating atomic lattices.
We model propagation of far-red-detuned optical vortex beams through a Bose-Einstein condensate using nonlinear Schrödinger and Gross-Pitaevskii equations. We show the formation of coupled light-atomic solitons that rotate azimuthally before moving off tangentially, carrying angular momentum. The number, and velocity, of solitons, depends on the orbital angular momentum of the optical field. Using a Bessel-Gauss beam increases radial confinement so that solitons can rotate with fixed azimuthal velocity. Our model provides a highly controllable method of channeling a BEC and atomic transport.
We numerically model the propagation of far-detuned optical beams through a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) using coupled nonlinear Schr¨odinger and Gross-Pitaevskii equations. For red atom-field detuning, we show that light carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) can lead to coupled light-atom solitons carrying angular momentum. We demonstrate the formation of azimuthally rotating wavepackets, toward an atomic persistent current without trapping requirements. For blue atom-field detuning, we show highly exotic BEC distributions, with the atoms trapped in dark regions of the optical field. Our results provide a novel means of atomic transport and of sculpting a BEC into unique transverse distributions.
We consider a far-red-detuned optical cavity, driven by a pump, which contains an ultracold atomic medium. Using coupled partial differential equations which describe the evolution of the atomic and optical fields, we demonstrate that our model leads to novel self-structuring, led by the optical field through the dipole force, within the ultracold atomic medium. Introducing OAM to the optical pump, we demonstrate that these structures may be made to rotate, forming atomic fields analogous to persistent phase currents.
We develop a multimode model that describes the dynamics on a rotating Bose-Einstein condensate confined by a ring-shaped optical lattice with large filling numbers. The parameters of the model are obtained as a function of the rotation frequency using full 3D Gross-Pitaevskii simulations. From such numerical calculations, we extract the velocity field induced at each site and analyze the relation and the differences between the phase of the hopping parameter of our model and the Peierls phase. To this end, a detailed discussion of such phases is presented in geometrical terms which takes into account the position of the junctions for different configurations. For circularly symmetric onsite densities a simple analytical relation between the hopping phase and the angular momentum is found for arbitrary number of sites. Finally, we confront the results of the rotating multimode model dynamics with Gross-Pitaevskii simulations finding a perfect agreement.
Abstract We develop a multimode model that describes the dynamics on a rotating Bose–Einstein condensate confined by a ring-shaped optical lattice with large filling numbers. The parameters of the model are obtained as a function of the rotation frequency using full 3D Gross–Pitaevskii simulations. From such numerical calculations, we extract the velocity field induced at each site and analyze the relation and the differences between the phase of the hopping parameter of our model and the Peierls phase. To this end, a detailed discussion of such phases is presented in geometrical terms which takes into account the position of the junctions for different configurations. For circularly symmetric onsite densities a simple analytical relation between the hopping phase and the angular momentum is found for arbitrary number of sites. Finally, we confront the results of the rotating multimode model dynamics with Gross–Pitaevskii simulations finding a perfect agreement.