Combinatorics is a type of calculation that traditional computers have trouble handling and it is one such challenge. These calculations involve arranging elements in a way that achieves a particular objective. Deoxyribonucleic acid is the most stable type of nucleic acid (DNA). Each DNA strand forms helical structures, which are lengthy polymers made up of millions of nucleotides bonded together. Multi-Valued DNA computing is introduced based on the usage of DNA and molecular biology hardware instead of the typical silicon-based technology. It is already found that the quantum computation qubits produce large amounts of heat. On the other hand, DNA computation needs energy or heat to perform its expected operations. In this chapter, a heat transferring procedure for the Quantum-DNA computation system will be shown. A Multi-Valued Half Subtractor is a type of subtractor, an electronic circuit that performs the subtractions of ternary numbers.
Combinatorics is a type of calculation that traditional computers have trouble handling and it is one such challenge. These calculations involve arranging elements in a way that achieves a particular objective. Deoxyribonucleic acid is the most stable type of nucleic acid (DNA). Each DNA strand forms helical structures, which are lengthy polymers made up of millions of nucleotides bonded together. Multi-Valued DNA computing is introduced based on the usage of DNA and molecular biology hardware instead of the typical silicon-based technology. It is already found that the quantum computation qubits produce large amounts of heat. On the other hand, DNA computation needs energy or heat to perform its expected operations. In this chapter, a heat transferring procedure for the Quantum-DNA computation system will be shown. A Multi-Valued Half Subtractor is a type of subtractor, an electronic circuit that performs the subtractions of ternary numbers.
The combination of quantum computing and DNA computing is a new creation that is introduced in this book with multi-valued logic. This is actually the combination of quantum physics and molecular biology. So, it can be said that the combination is actually quantum molecular biology. In the multiple-valued logic system, the general organization of the Quantum-DNA cross-platform for the multiple-valued logic system is depicted. A Multi-Valued half adder is a type of adder or electronic circuit that performs ternary number addition. A Multiple-Valued Quantum-DNA full adder removes the drawback of a Multiple-Valued Quantum-DNA half adder as it includes carry bit in the addition operation. A ternary half subtractor is a type of subtractor, an electronic circuit that performs the subtractions of ternary numbers. Multi-Valued full subtractor performs subtraction operation taking borrow qubit in consideration, thus it solves the problem that half subtractor cannot overcome.
Multi-Valued quantum computer calculations are especially promising for analyzing or simulating extremely complicated processes with large volumes of data. Multi-Valued quantum computation can be applied in cryptography, data analysis, task scheduling, predicting and forecasting, medical research, and artificial intelligence. Quantum computing produces so much heat during computation and DNA computing needs heat to perform computation. Produced heat from a circuit is always an important topic for each type of computing circuit. Nowadays, produced heat or required heat for quantum computing and DNA computing is an arresting matter for researchers. This chapter presents some ways to find out the amount of heat produced from a multi-valued quantum computing circuit. And further, it is needed to calculate the amount of required heat for multi-valued DNA computation. In quantum operation, qubit is generating heat when they become isolated and start to compute. In quantum physics, thermodynamics exists and the thermodynamics rule is quite the same for qubits also.
Molecular biology is the field of science concerned with studying the chemical structures and processes of biological phenomena that involve the basic units of life and molecules. The field of molecular biology is focused especially on nucleic acids and proteins, these molecules interact and behave within cells. Molecular biology emerged in the 1930s. When quantum computing combines with this DNA computing to form a new computing process, it is quantum molecular biology. This chapter discusses another form of quantum molecular biology with multi-valued logic. It describes multi-valued arithmetic circuits in DNA-quantum circuits. The system was divided into four parts. The first part contained the DNA system, then a DNA cache memory where the DNA sequences were stored, then the data conversion unit to convert the DNA information into qubits, and the last part was the quantum system.
This book focuses on the design methodologies of various quantum circuits, DNA circuits, DNA-quantum circuits and quantum-DNA circuits. It considers the merits and challenges of multivalued logic circuits in quantum, DNA, quantum-DNA and DNA-quantum computing. Multiple-Valued Computing in Quantum Molecular Biology: Arithmetic and Combinational Circuits is Volume 1 of a two-volume set. From fundamentals to advanced levels, this book discusses different multiple-valued logic DNA-quantum and quantum-DNA circuits. The text consists of four parts. Part I introduces multiple-valued quantum computing and DNA computing. It contains the basic understanding of multiple-valued quantum computing, multiple-valued DNA computing, multiple-valued quantum-DNA computing and multiple-valued DNA-quantum computing. Part II examines heat calculation, speed calculation, heat transfer, data conversion and data management in multi-valued quantum, DNA, quantum-DNA and DNA-quantum computing. Part III discusses multiple-valued logic operations in quantum and DNA computing such as ternary AND, NAND, OR, NOR, XOR, XNOR and multiple-valued arithmetic operations such as adder, multiplier, divider and more. Quantum-DNA and DNA-quantum multiple-valued arithmetic operations are also explained in this section. Part IV explains multiple-valued quantum and DNA combinational circuits such as multiple-valued DNA-quantum and quantum-DNA multiplexer, demultiplexer, encoder and decoder. This book will be of great help to researchers and students in quantum computing, DNA computing, quantum-DNA computing and DNA-quantum computing researchers.
In order to create two new computing processes that can be referred to as quantum molecular biology, these two computing systems can be combined. Quantum-DNA computing and DNA-quantum computing are also components of this quantum molecular biology. This chapter explains how DNA computing constructs the operations for multi-valued systems. The study of molecular biology is concerned with nucleic acids and proteins–macromolecules that are critical to biological processes–and how they interact and behave within cells. Quantum molecular biology is the field of study that investigates processes in living organisms that cannot be accurately described by the classical laws of physics. So, quantum molecular biology is a kind of computing technology which can be quantum-DNA computing or DNA-quantum computing. It also presents the ternary logic in the DNA computing system, that means establishing basic gates and fundamental operations in the ternary system.
The combination of multi-valued quantum and DNA computing can form multi-valued quantum-DNA and DNA-quantum computing. The potential for multiple-valued quantum molecular biology to contribute in the development of sustainable energy solutions is widely highlighted as a driving force behind the study, especially in terms of understanding quantum-coherent excitation energy conversion in photosynthetic systems. The characteristics of the DNA molecule aid in inducing quantum features such as superposition, tunneling, coherence, and entanglement. NMR is necessary for synthesizing a qubit from a DNA sequence, and NMR may be conducted at two temperatures: 0-kelvin and room temperature. To retrieve the appropriate DNA sequence, RNMR is employed to relax the qubit. In multiple-valued quantum computing, qubits are utilized to carry out operations, whereas in multiple-valued DNA computing, DNA sequences are employed as inputs. Using multiple-valued quantum-DNA computing the heat generated in multiple-valued quantum computing is used in multiple-valued DNA computing.