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Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications

Quantum secure two party authentication protocol for mobile devices

Bshisht Moony, Amit K. Barnwal, Mrityunjay Singh, Dheerendra Mishra

Published Aug 24, 2023• 11 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s12083-023-01534-5

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In recent years, the rapid growth of wireless technologies and the widespread use of mobile devices have drawn people toward diverse web applications. Today, users can conveniently access a variety of online services anytime and anywhere through their mobile devices. With wireless communication becoming the dominant medium, security has emerged as a major challenge, since networks are widely exposed. To address this, numerous authentication protocols have been proposed. However, most existing protocols rely on integer factorization or discrete logarithm problems, which are vulnerable to polynomial-time quantum algorithms. This makes them unsuitable for a post-quantum era. To ensure secure wireless communications for mobile devices, there is a critical need for authenticated key agreement (AKA) protocols that withstand quantum attacks. In this work, we propose a two-party AKA protocol for mobile devices built upon the ring learning with errors (RLWE) problem, whose security is grounded in hard lattice assumptions. We analyze the security of our protocol using formal and informal security methods and assess its performance through comparative evaluation of computational and communication costs against related schemes. Our findings demonstrate that the proposed protocol achieves the necessary security requirements while providing efficient and reliable communication.
Once the shared secret key is established, three parties can use it for secure communication using symmetric-key encryption AES (128, 192, 256) algorithms or other cryptographic primitives. Although there are few third-party post-quantum authentication and key agreement protocols exist, but the recent studies in this article show that they are not anonymous or cannot provide forward secrecy. Most of the existing protocols enable adversaries to trace the source of messages. Many of third-party AKA schemes based on conventional public-key cryptosystems are vulnerable to quantum computers. Therefore, this paper contains a forward secure three-party post-quantum authenticated key establishment protocol for mobile devices. The proposed three-party key exchange protocol establishes an authenticated shared key that can be periodically refreshed to maintain forward secrecy. This protocol enables two parties to establish a shared session key even in the presence of quantum adversaries and enables them to communicate confidentially and securely over insecure networks. The protocol is anonymous as both the parties communicate using masked dynamic identities. A contrast study consisting of performance and security assessment is presented, which illustrates the suggested design is more applicable.
A three-party authenticated key exchange protocol enables two entities to agree on a session key with the help of a dedicated server through an insecure channel. Lattice based cryptography plays a very important role in authentication and key exchanges that protects against the threat of quantum attacks. However, it is not easy to design quantum resistant password based three-party protocol due to the high demand for security requirements and the limited resources nature of mobile devices. In this article, we have proposed a new post quantum three party key exchange based on a variant of lattice assumption, the ring learning errors. The protocol ensures security against impersonation attack, stolen smartcard attack, password guessing attack, and other existing attacks. In authentication phase, the protocol have used lattice based cryptography that plays a very important role in authentication and key exchanges that protects against the threat of quantum attacks. The proposed protocol ensures both securities against quantum attacks and efficiency due to simple algebraic operations that are polynomial addition and multiplications.