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Laser Physics Letters

A quantum homomorphic signature scheme with verifiable identity based on four-particle Cluster states

Teng Chen, Dianjun Lu, Zhi-Ming Deng, Huajian Mou

Published Aug 23, 2023• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract With the development of cloud computing in recent years, homomorphic signatures have become a research hotspot in modern cryptography. This article proposes a quantum homomorphic signature scheme with verifiable identity based on four-particle Cluster states, starting from the identity verification of the signers. Compared with Shang’s scheme (Shang et al 2015 Quantum Inf. Process. 14 393–410), our scheme uses four-particle Cluster states as quantum channels and achieves identity verification of the signers through the use of X operation and quantum measurement techniques. Meanwhile, our scheme extends the length of message M to 2n bits and uses random numbers during the signature process, which makes the scheme more secure. Security analysis shows that our scheme can ensure the security of the keys and the unforgeability of the signatures.

DOI
10.1088/1612-202x/acee62

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Abstract With the development of cloud computing in recent years, homomorphic signatures have become a research hotspot in modern cryptography. This article proposes a quantum homomorphic signature scheme with verifiable identity based on four-particle Cluster states, starting from the identity verification of the signers. Compared with Shang’s scheme (Shang et al 2015 Quantum Inf. Process. 14 393–410), our scheme uses four-particle Cluster states as quantum channels and achieves identity verification of the signers through the use of X operation and quantum measurement techniques. Meanwhile, our scheme extends the length of message M to 2n bits and uses random numbers during the signature process, which makes the scheme more secure. Security analysis shows that our scheme can ensure the security of the keys and the unforgeability of the signatures.
Abstract With the continuous development of quantum technology, researchers are constantly improving the research on quantum signatures. In the public-key cryptosystem, a quantum group signature scheme based on four-particle Cluster states is proposed. In this scheme, the four-particle Cluster states are used as quantum channels. The signer randomly generates his private key according to the public key generated by the group manager, and uses the private key to sign. The verifier uses the public key to verify the signature. The features of the scheme are as follows: the public key and private key can be reused, thus reducing the number of keys that need to be saved by the communication parties; The length of the message to be signed does not need to be the same as the length of the public and private keys, which increases the flexibility of the signature; The random sequence is used in the signature process to ensure the unpredictability of the key, thus improving the security of the scheme; The scheme has unforgeability and non-repudiation.
Abstract With the rapid development of computer and internet technology, quantum signature plays an extremely important role in modern secure communication. Quantum homomorphic aggregate signature, as an important guarantee of quantum signature, plays a significant role in reducing storage, communication, and computing costs. This article draws on the idea of quantum multi-party summation and proposes a quantum homomorphic aggregate signature scheme based on quantum Fourier transform. Our scheme uses nnn-particle entangled states as quantum channels, with different particles of each entangled state sent separately. This ensures secure transmission of signatures and messages with fewer entangled particles during transmission, further improving the efficiency of quantum signatures. Meanwhile, our scheme generates private keys for each participating party by randomly constructing key generation matrixes. Different signers perform quantum Fourier transforms and basis exchange operations on entangled particles based on different messages and private keys to generate signatures. In addition, the aggregator does not need to measure and verify the signature particles after receiving signatures from different signers, and the group addition operation process has additive homomorphism. Security analysis shows that our scheme has unforgeability, non-repudiation, and can resist various attacks such as entanglement measurement attacks, intercept-resend attacks, private key sequence attacks, and internal attacks by aggregator.
Abstract With the advancement of the new generation of information technology in recent years, quantum digital signatures have been widely concerned. Among them, quantum threshold group signatures have become a hot research field due to their advantages such as low cost and strong scalability. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an identity-verifiable quantum threshold group signature scheme based on three-particle GHZ states. The characteristics of the scheme are as follows. The signers can reconstruct the key K for signature’s generation and verification by using the Shamir threshold secret sharing scheme. A quantum signature is generated by performing controlled-not operations, von Neumann measurements, and quantum Fourier transform. When the signature is verified, only classical hash values need to be compared, without comparing quantum states. Identity verification is performed between participants by using hash functions. The efficiency of the scheme is improved by using super-dense coding. Security analysis shows that our scheme is unforgeable and undeniable.
A quantum homomorphic aggregation signature scheme is proposed based on GHZ states, combined with homomorphic aggregation techniques. The scheme has the following features: Firstly, by changing the existing quantum homomorphic signature scheme which generally uses Bell state as the signature particle, and choosing GHZ state as the signature particle, it can realize the signature of the multi-bit messages by preparing fewer quantum resources; Secondly, the idea of classical aggregated signature is introduced, where multiple message signatures are aggregated into a single signature by quantum entanglement swapping technique, and the verifier can determine the validity of all signatures by only one verification; At the same time, the verification of individual signatures by the aggregator is realized, and dishonest behaviors among the signature members can be detected in time; Finally, the whole signature process satisfies the basic homomorphic property. Compared with the existing quantum homomorphic signature scheme, this scheme can effectively reduce the consumption of quantum resources, improving the efficiency of signature verification and enhancing the reliability of the signature. The security analysis shows that the scheme has the verifiability, unforgeability and non-repudiation.
Due to the rapid advancement of quantum computers, there has been a furious race for quantum technologies in academia and industry. Quantum cryptography is an important tool for achieving security services during quantum communication. Designated verifier signature, a variant of quantum cryptography, is very useful in applications like the Internet of Things (IoT) and auctions. An identity-based quantum-designated verifier signature (QDVS) scheme is suggested in this work. Our protocol features security attributes like eavesdropping, non-repudiation, designated verification, and hiding sources attacks. Additionally, it is protected from attacks on forgery, inter-resending, and impersonation. The proposed scheme benefits from the traditional designated verifier signature schemes. In the proposed scheme, the signer encrypts a message with his or her private key, and the designated verifier validates the accompanying QDVS using the signer’s public key, which is the signer’s name or email address, which makes the quantum signature system’s key management simpler. It uses an entangled state while signing and verifying the signature; however, the verifier is not required to compare quantum states. A detailed comparison analysis with other similar schemes provides more security for the proposed scheme. Furthermore, the proposed scheme’s effectiveness and feasibility are validated using quantum simulations.