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International Technical Conference on Circuits/Systems, Computers and Communications (ITC-CSCC)

Network Coding Aided Hybrid EB/PM Satellite-based FSO/QKD Systems

Minh Q. Vu, Hoang D. Le, Ngoc The Dang, Anh T. Pham

Published Jun 25, 2023• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper addresses the design of global-scale free-space optics/quantum key distribution (FSO/QKD) networks comprising geostationary (GEO) and low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites. In particular, we present a novel implementation of network coding aided hybrid entanglement-based/prepare-and-measure (EB/PM) for satellite continuous-variable QKD (CV-QKD) using a dual-threshold/direct-detection (DT/DD) scheme. The system performance is analyzed in terms of final key-creation rates by considering the effects of atmospheric turbulence, receiver noise, and unauthorized receiver attack (URA) from eavesdroppers. Also, we investigate the feasibility of a case study for the existing GEO and LEO satellites from Japan QKD network.

DOI
10.1109/itc-cscc58803.2023.10212851

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This paper proposes the design of a global-scale free-space optics/quantum key distribution (FSO/QKD) network based on a geosynchronous (GEO) satellite as the secret key source and low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellites as relay nodes for multiple legitimate users on the ground. The continuous variable QKD (CV-QKD) protocol with dual-threshold/direct detection (DT/DD) receivers is employed. The system performance is analyzed by considering the spreading loss, atmospheric attenuation, and turbulence. Based on the design criteria for the proposed system, we investigate the feasibility of a case study for the Japan QKD network considering the unauthorized receiver attack (URA) and beam-splitting attack (BSA). In addition, we analyze the secret-key rate performance of the proposed system and perform Monte Carlo simulations to verify analytical results.
We propose a new implementation of the BBM92 protocol for satellite continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) systems using the dual-threshold/direct detection (DT/DD) scheme. The proposed system is less complex and therefore possibly cheaper than current discrete-variable (DV) and CV-QKD ones using coherent detection receivers. We model and analyze the performance of the proposed system in the context that a satellite distributes secret keys to two legitimate users. The analytical results are derived by considering channel loss, atmospheric turbulence-induced fading, and receiver noises. The Gaussian beam model is considered to evaluate the impact of geometric spread on the signal received by legitimate users and the possibility of being eavesdropped. Based on the design criteria for the system and analytical results, we investigate the feasibility of a case study for the Japan QKD network using the existing low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellation.
Satellite QKD/FSO systems, which facilitate quantum key distribution (QKD) over free-space optical (FSO) links between satellites and ground stations, present a promising pathway toward achieving global security in upcoming sixth-generation (6G) wireless communications. Our study focuses on a superior type of these systems, the satellite EB/CV-QKD/FSO, which utilizes the continuous-variable (CV) method for quantum state representation and the entanglement-based (EB) scheme for QKD implementation. We propose the use of optical phase-shift keying (QPSK) signaling and dual-threshold/heterodyne detection (DT/HD) receivers to bolster the reliability and feasibility of satellite EB/CV-QKD/FSO systems. Closed-form expressions for key system performance metrics are derived using improved channel modeling. Numerical results are presented to showcase the effects of channel impairments on the system performance. We also provide recommendations for optimal system setup parameters, aiming to enhance performance.
This paper proposes a new implementation of the BBM92 protocol in satellite continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) systems using dual-threshold/direct detection (DT/DD). The proposed method is less complex and thus possibly cheaper than current discrete-variable (DV) and CV-QKD systems using coherent detection. We model and analyze the performance of the proposed system in the context that a satellite distributes secret keys to two legitimate users. The analytical results are derived by considering the channel loss, atmospheric turbulence-induced fading, and receiver noises. The Gaussian beam model is considered to evaluate the impact of geometrical spreading on the signal received by legitimate users and the possibility of being eavesdropped on. Based on the design criteria for the system and analytical results, we find suitable parameters for the transmitter and the receivers to properly achieve the QKD function for distributing secret keys between two legitimate parties.
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A significant breakthrough in space-based quantum key distribution (QKD) inaugurated by the Micius satellite has brought us closer to the era of global QKD networks. An essential step in the post-processing QKD is key reconciliation (KR), which eliminates the mismatch in the raw keys between two legitimate users. However, the fluctuation in the quantum bit-error rate (QBER) caused by the free-space optical (FSO) turbulence channels poses various challenges for the KR design. This paper addresses the design of blind KR schemes for FSO-based low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite QKD systems, which allow operating without a prior QBER estimation. Specifically, we present a novel blind KR scheme with a protograph low-density parity check (LDPC) code extension. The proposed LDPC structure is constructed by gradually extending and exhaustively searching among all possible solutions. The proposed design is evaluated in terms of the final key rate performance over the QKD systems using a dual-threshold/direct detection (DT/DD) scheme. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of our proposed design compared to the state-of-the-art design in different turbulence channel conditions.