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International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks

Enhancing Inter-Data Centre Link Security with Spectral Polarisation Shuffling and Phase Encoding

Marcelo Pereira Nogueira, Nairton José Badue, Luiz Henrique Bonani, Ivan Aldaya, Marcelo L. F. Abbade

Published Jul 2, 2023• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this work, we propose a strategy for encrypting dual polarisation optical signals. The scheme is based on shuffling the spectral samples of baseband signals that further modulate the orthogonal polarisations of an optical carrier. Additionally, the samples phases are also encoded. We investigate the performance of the encryption scheme in a scenario where data centres are connected by a cascade of standard fibre optical links. Simulation results indicate that the encrypted versions of 448 Gb/s 16 – quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signals may be properly propagated by distances of up to 420 km.

DOI
10.1109/icton59386.2023.10207283

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In this work, we propose a strategy for encrypting dual polarisation optical signals. The scheme is based on shuffling the spectral samples of baseband signals that further modulate the orthogonal polarisations of an optical carrier. Additionally, the samples phases are also encoded. We investigate the performance of the encryption scheme in a scenario where data centres are connected by a cascade of standard fibre optical links. Simulation results indicate that the encrypted versions of 448 Gb/s 16 – quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signals may be properly propagated by distances of up to 420 km.
Non-intrusive tapping and other threats have underscored the necessity for enhanced security mechanisms in transparent optical networks (TONs). In this work, we explore the application of both intra- and inter-signal cryptography techniques to secure TON signals. The intra-signal approach utilizes spectral phase encoding, while the inter-signal technique relies on shuffling the samples among different signals, including the X - and Y polarisation components of each signal. Computer simulation results suggest that encrypted 448 Gb/s448 \mathrm{~Gb} / \mathrm{s}448 Gb/s dual polarisation (DP) 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signals may be properly recovered after ∼700 km\sim 700 \mathrm{~km}∼700 km of standard single-mode fiber propagation.
In this work, we propose a comprehensive technique to enhance the security of superchannels (SCs). The spectral samples of the signals within a superchannel are shuffled and further encrypted in amplitude and phase, according to cryptographic keys. The strategy may be applied to SC signals with different modulation formats and bit rates. Moreover, the concept of SC is generalized, allowing for channels to be propagated through different optical routes. As a result, eavesdroppers need to tap multiple optical fibers to recover the content of a single signal. This simultaneously increases security and enhances the cost of spying. We investigate scenarios where dual polarization (DP) quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) and 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM) signals are encrypted and propagated through transparent optical networks. Results reveal that no meaningful propagation penalty is introduced by signal encryption. From a security perspective, the technique is considerably more robust against brute force attacks than the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), which is widely deployed in data encryption. A strategy to provide the properties of diffusion and confusion to the proposed encryption technique is discussed.
All-optical spectral shuffling (AOSS) is a recently proposed physical layer encryption technique. In AOSS, multiple input signals are split in several spectral slices. These slices are then shuffled to form multiple encrypted signals. In fact, it is possible to transmit each shuffled signal by a different optical route. This strategy increases security because if an eavesdropper wants to detect information from a unique signal, he needs to tap at least one fiber per route. In this work, computer simulations are used to encrypt two 112 Gbps 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signals and to propagate the shuffled signals by distinct optical routes. Our results reveal that the shuffled signals may be propagated by optical routes as long as 600 km. Besides that, we also investigate the situations i) where the signals travel by routes with different lengths and ii) where each route imposes different physical impairments to the encrypted signals.
In the current context of information explosion, securing the physical layer in the backbone networks of coherent optical communication is vitally important. In this letter, we experimentally validate a secure communication scheme for coherent optical communication systems based on electro-optic phase feedback encryption, thereby successfully transmitting a 40 Gb/s dual-polarization quadrature phase shift keying (DP-QPSK) signal over a distance of 180 km. By strategically incorporating a delay line interferometer and a dispersion component within the electro-optic feedback loop, it is possible to generate random phase scrambling at a moderate modulation depth. With the utilization of commercial hardware, the encryption of DP-QPSK signals can be seamlessly accomplished in a plug-and-play manner, removing the necessity for additional synchronization or key distribution systems. The proposed scheme paves a new way to protect the polarization-multiplexing signals and offers a promising approach for secure coherent optical communication system.
We propose and experimentally study a coherent optical secure transmission system based on one dual-polarization in-phase and quadrature modulator (IQM). One beam of the polarized light is used to generate broadband chaos by configuring a nonlinear opto-electronic oscillator while the other beam carries the encrypted signal. The encrypted signal is obtained through sequential encryption of the analog and digital chaos. The mutual mask of the hybrid chaotic signals can effectively enhance the security performance. Moreover, by varying the encryption depth of analog and digital vectors, the transmission performance can be flexibly adjusted. A commercial dual-polarization IQM could simultaneously generate a chaotic signal and a load message, which provides a high-integration solution. A fast independent component analysis (ICA) algorithm is adopted to compensate for the rotation of state of polarization (RSOP). 60 Gb/s encrypted quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) signal transmission over 100 km single-mode fiber is realized, and the decrypted bit error rate (BER) performance is below the 7% forward error correction (FEC) threshold (BER = 3.8 × 10 −3 ).