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International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks

Oblivious Keys for Secure Multiparty Computation Obtained from a CV-QKD

Armando N. Pinto, Manuel B. Santos, Nuno A. Silva, Nelson Jesus Muga, Paulo Mateus

Published Jul 2, 2023• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We analyze the use of a Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) system to generate and distribute oblivious keys. Oblivious keys can be used to implement secure multiparty computation services. After defining oblivious keys, we show how they can be reduced to symmetric keys and used to implement secure links, and how they can also be used to implement secure computation services. Oblivious keys can also be reversed. In this context, we analyze the advantages of using quantum resources to generate oblivious keys. Particularly, we analyze a protocol to generate oblivious keys, considering both the efficiency and security of the process. We show that by using QKD, we can simultaneously obtain an efficient and quantum-resistant solution to generate and distribute oblivious keys. Finally, we discuss a field trial where a quantum secure multiparty computation service for calculating phylogenetic trees was implemented in the Quantum Madrid Network.

DOI
10.1109/icton59386.2023.10207521

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We analyze the use of a Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) system to generate and distribute oblivious keys. Oblivious keys can be used to implement secure multiparty computation services. After defining oblivious keys, we show how they can be reduced to symmetric keys and used to implement secure links, and how they can also be used to implement secure computation services. Oblivious keys can also be reversed. In this context, we analyze the advantages of using quantum resources to generate oblivious keys. Particularly, we analyze a protocol to generate oblivious keys, considering both the efficiency and security of the process. We show that by using QKD, we can simultaneously obtain an efficient and quantum-resistant solution to generate and distribute oblivious keys. Finally, we discuss a field trial where a quantum secure multiparty computation service for calculating phylogenetic trees was implemented in the Quantum Madrid Network.
Oblivious keys are a fundamental resource to support secure multiparty computation. Nevertheless, classically it is very resource demanding to generate and distribute secure oblivious keys, which has been hindered their utilization. However, using quantum communications they can be generated and distributed with an efficiency similar to secret symmetric keys. This can allow the proliferation of applications supported by secure multiparty computation. In this work, we discuss the generation and distribution of oblivious keys in fiber optic networks using quantum communications.
The oblivious transfer primitive is sufficient to implement secure multiparty computation. However, secure multiparty computation based on public-key cryptography is limited by the security and efficiency of the oblivious transfer implementation. We present a method to generate and distribute oblivious keys by exchanging qubits and by performing commitments using classical hash functions. With the presented hybrid approach of quantum and classical, we obtain a practical and high-speed oblivious transfer protocol. We analyse the security and efficiency features of the technique and conclude that it presents advantages in both areas when compared to public-key based techniques.
This work presents the implementation of a quantum-enabled Secure Multi-Party Computation (SMC) service applied to two medical use cases and demonstrated on a Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) network deployed in Aveiro, utilizing both research and commercial QKD devices. We show the integration of quantum resources into the execution of SMC protocols by using quantum-generated oblivious keys, and also an overview of the generic framework for deploying SMC services. At the end, the results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed use cases, highlighting the need for continued research into the integration of quantum Oblivious Transfer (OT) and SMC services within QKD networks.
This work investigates recent advances in implementing secure communication and computing services using quantum technologies, namely Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) systems. The approach is centered around the concept of oblivious keys, a fundamental cryptographic primitive where a transmitter knows a complete key while the receiver knows only half, with the transmitter being unaware of which half the receiver possesses [1]. We demonstrate that oblivious keys can be derived from the raw key material of standard discrete-variable (DV-QKD) and continuous-variable (CV-QKD) systems [2]–[5]. We also presented a hybrid framework that uses QKD with post-quantum cryptographic (PQC) algorithms, creating a dual-layer security model to bolster defenses against the threat of quantum computers. The practical applications of this framework are illustrated through its implementation in two critical domains: genomic medicine, where robust safeguards are essential for protecting sensitive genetic data, and the defense sector, which can profit from secure collaboration with minimal information disclosure.
Individuals’ privacy and legal regulations demand genomic data be handled and studied with highly secure privacy-preserving techniques. In this work, we propose a feasible Secure Multiparty Computation (SMC) system assisted with quantum cryptographic protocols that is designed to compute a phylogenetic tree from a set of private genome sequences. This system significantly improves the privacy and security of the computation thanks to three quantum cryptographic protocols that provide enhanced security against quantum computer attacks. This system adapts several distance-based methods (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic mean, Neighbour-Joining, Fitch-Margoliash) into a private setting where the sequences owned by each party are not disclosed to the other members present in the protocol. We theoretically evaluate the performance and privacy guarantees of the system through a complexity analysis and security proof and give an extensive explanation about the implementation details and cryptographic protocols. We also implement a quantum-assisted secure phylogenetic tree computation based on the Libscapi implementation of the Yao, the PHYLIP library and simulated keys of two quantum systems: Quantum Oblivious Key Distribution and Quantum Key Distribution. This demonstrates its effectiveness and practicality. We benchmark this implementation against a classical-only solution and we conclude that both approaches render similar execution times, the only difference being the time overhead taken by the oblivious key management system of the quantum-assisted approach.