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International Conference on Intelligent Technologies (CONIT)

Securing IoT in Quantum World

Harjot Singh, Shailendra, Amey R Hasabnis

Published Jun 23, 2023• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

All data sent to and from IOT devices, (as well as any data held), must be encrypted in order to enhance the security of IOT devices. At the moment, elliptic curve cryptosystems (ECCs) are used as fundamental building blocks to secure communication in the Internet of Things. Yet, forthcoming quantum computers can quickly compromise public key systems like ECC. We should take action right away to get the IOT ready for the quantum future due to recent developments in quantum computing. This paper at first will give a brief overview on Crystal - Kyber, SIKE and BIKE algorithm which are among the NIST’s third round candidate. Then the comparison of these three on the basis of key size, computational power and memory requirement. Finally a recommendation on the most suitable algorithm for making IoT secure in quantum world.

DOI
10.1109/conit59222.2023.10205538

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All data sent to and from IOT devices, (as well as any data held), must be encrypted in order to enhance the security of IOT devices. At the moment, elliptic curve cryptosystems (ECCs) are used as fundamental building blocks to secure communication in the Internet of Things. Yet, forthcoming quantum computers can quickly compromise public key systems like ECC. We should take action right away to get the IOT ready for the quantum future due to recent developments in quantum computing. This paper at first will give a brief overview on Crystal - Kyber, SIKE and BIKE algorithm which are among the NIST’s third round candidate. Then the comparison of these three on the basis of key size, computational power and memory requirement. Finally a recommendation on the most suitable algorithm for making IoT secure in quantum world.
All data sent to and from IOT devices, (as well as any data held), must be encrypted in order to enhance the security of IOT devices. At the moment, elliptic curve cryptosystems (ECCs) are used as fundamental building blocks to secure communication in the Internet of Things. Yet, forthcoming quantum computers can quickly compromise public key systems like ECC. We should take action right away to get the IOT ready for the quantum future due to recent developments in quantum computing. This paper at first will give a brief overview on Crystal - Kyber, SIKE and BIKE algorithm which are among the NIST's third round candidate. Then the comparison of these three on the basis of key size, computational power and memory requirement. Finally a recommendation on the most suitable algorithm for making IoT secure in quantum world.
Currently, we rely on cryptographic algorithms such as elliptic curve cryptosystems (ECCs) as basic building blocks to secure the communication in the IoT. However, public key schemes like ECC can easily be broken by the upcoming quantum computers. Due to recent advances in quantum computing, we should act now to prepare the IoT for the quantum world. In this article, we focus on the current state of the art and recent developments in the area of quantum-resistant cryptosystems for securing the IoT. We first demonstrate the impacts of quantum computers on the security of the cryptographic schemes used today, and then give an overview of the recommendations for cryptographic schemes that can be secure under the attacks of both classical and quantum computers. After that, we present the existing implementations of quantum-resistant cryptographic schemes on constrained devices suitable for the IoT. Finally, we give an introduction to ongoing projects for quantum-resistant schemes that will help develop future security solutions for the IoT.
The rapid advancements in quantum computation pose significant threats to traditional cryptographic systems, such as those used in the Internet of Things (IoT). RSA and methods like Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) are particularly vulnerable to quantum algorithmic techniques, such as Shor’s and Grover’s algorithms. This paper focuses on the analysis of cryptographic models based on quantum technologies, with special emphasis on IoT security. It examines how both symmetric and public-key cryptography are affected by quantum comput-ing—highlighting vulnerabilities in symmetric schemes to Grover’s algorithm and in public-key systems like ECC to Shor’s algorithm. Significant focus is placed on the advancement of quantum-resistant ECC, with an in-depth evaluation of its effectiveness, security capabilities, and suitability for IoT applications. This work also compares various methods for implementing quantum-enhanced ECC, considering both software and hardware solutions. Furthermore, the paper explores emerging hybrid systems that integrate classical and quantum-resistant encryption to offer enhanced security in transitional scenarios. Lastly, it outlines potential research avenues for developing new techniques to protect future IoT networks from quantum-based attacks.
Although quantum computing is still in its nascent age, its evolution threatens the most popular public-key encryption systems. Such systems are essential for today's Internet security due to their ability for solving the key distribution problem and for providing high security in insecure communications channels that allow for accessing websites or for exchanging e-mails, financial transactions, digitally signed documents, military communications or medical data. Cryptosystems like Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA), elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) or Diffie-Hellman have spread worldwide and are part of diverse key Internet standards like Transport Layer Security (TLS), which are used both by traditional computers and Internet of Things (IoT) devices. It is especially difficult to provide high security to IoT devices, mainly because many of them rely on batteries and are resource constrained in terms of computational power and memory, which implies that specific energy-efficient and lightweight algorithms need to be designed and implemented for them. These restrictions become relevant challenges when implementing cryptosystems that involve intensive mathematical operations and demand substantial computational resources, which are often required in applications where data privacy has to be preserved for the long term, like IoT applications for defense, mission-critical scenarios or smart healthcare. Quantum computing threatens such a long-term IoT device security and researchers are currently developing solutions to mitigate such a threat. This article provides a survey on what can be called post-quantum IoT systems (IoT systems protected from the currently known quantum computing attacks): the main post-quantum cryptosystems and initiatives are reviewed, the most relevant IoT architectures and challenges are analyzed, and the expected future trends are indicated. Thus, this article is aimed at providing a wide view of post-quantum IoT security and give useful guidelines to the future post-quantum IoT developers.
With Internet of Things (IoT) becoming increasingly popular and widespread, the somewhat secure devices could potentially become completely insecure with the emergence of quantum computers. The problem is that a lot of IoT devices in crucial places are not secured and use unencrypted communication or use the current recommended encryption algorithms. This paper explores public key encryption (PKE) with post quantum cryptography (PQC) algorithm Kyber, despite it being usually used as key-encapsulation mechanism (KEM). The proposed approach has been evaluated experimentally. The conducted experiment encrypts the data on one scenario on the IoT device itself and in the other scenario the data is encrypted on a fog node. Obtained results are promising and suggest that quantum resilient public key cryptography is applicable in internet of things.
IoT devices use outdated secure methods that are vulnerable to quantum computer attacks, making quantum computing a huge security issue. As quantum computers get smarter, RSA and ECC may not be able to protect IoT networks as well. This research examines how publish-quantum cryptography (percent) may defend IoT devices from clean quantum assaults. Percent uses quantum algorithms like Shor’s and Grover’s to provide unbreakable safety. Records are protected and quantum technology is sent securely. The research evaluates many PQC algorithms for IoT systems. It uses computational energy, power savings, and scale troubleshooting. We propose integrating conventional and post-quantum encryption to make IoT networks more trustworthy and impenetrable. This study shows how important PQC is for protecting IoT settings against quantum-based attacks by securing key exchange, data, and device identification.