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Lecture notes in networks and systems

The BB84 Quantum Key Distribution Protocol and Potential Risks

Maria E. Sabani, Ilias Κ. Savvas, Dimitrios Poulakis, Georgios C. Makris, Maria A. Butakova

Published Jan 1, 2023• 4 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/978-981-99-3091-3_35

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Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) offers theoretically unbreakable key exchange, but is vulnerable to man-in-the-middle attacks if the identities of the communicating parties are not rigorously verified. This paper proposes a novel QKD protocol integrating classical authentication to provide a layered security approach. The core concept involves utilizing a QKD system alongside a robust classical authentication mechanism. This layered approach significantly reduces the risk of successful attacks by ensuring that both parties are who they claim to be before key exchange occurs. The protocol's security relies on the assumption that the classical authentication system is itself secure. We detail the protocol's components, focusing on the integration of Bennett-Brassard (BB84) or a similar QKD scheme with a practical authentication protocol, and analyze its security properties. The proposed system is designed to mitigate the threats posed by adversaries who can intercept and manipulate the quantum key exchange without compromising the authentication process. The potential for improved security and resilience is demonstrated, representing a significant advancement in the practical application of QKD.

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Even though there have been various proposed and wideley used ciphering techniques in cryptography, main improvements in this field came out with the idea of “super computing”. Till now, popular methods like DES, AES and RSA which can be mathematically cracked in a duration of universe’s age, have been proposed. But all of these methods’s future is at risk because of the studies in production of “Quantum Computer”s of which computation speed is estimated to be very high so that no other existing super computers compete with them. At this stage, by using quantum mechanics a new method called “Quantum Key Distribution” and its protocols for the process of building cipher key, are proposed instead of determining new mathematical solutions for securing the data. In this study, a simulation project based on previously proposed Quantum Key Distribution protocols BB84 and B92, will be explained. At the end of the project by using BB84 and B92 protocols, a comparison of quantum bit error rates and detection rates of eavesdropping according to protocols, is done and results are obtained.

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Enhancement of Quantum Key Distribution Protocol BB84

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Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience•Mar 1, 2019•18 citations
Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) offers theoretically unbreakable key exchange, but is vulnerable to man-in-the-middle attacks if the identities of the communicating parties are not rigorously verified. This paper proposes a novel QKD protocol integrating classical authentication to provide a layered security approach. The core concept involves utilizing a QKD system alongside a robust classical authentication mechanism. This layered approach significantly reduces the risk of successful attacks by ensuring that both parties are who they claim to be before key exchange occurs. The protocol's security relies on the assumption that the classical authentication system is itself secure. We detail the protocol's components, focusing on the integration of Bennett-Brassard (BB84) or a similar QKD scheme with a practical authentication protocol, and analyze its security properties. The proposed system is designed to mitigate the threats posed by adversaries who can intercept and manipulate the quantum key exchange without compromising the authentication process. The potential for improved security and resilience is demonstrated, representing a significant advancement in the practical application of QKD.
Amid the escalating concerns over internet security, quantum cryptography stands out as a highly promising solution for significantly enhancing the security of networking systems, emerging among them is the quantum key distribution (QKD) with the function of creating secret session keys a breeze when leveraging the intriguing properties of quantum mechanics. This study is rooted in the BB84 QKD method, where in the distribution process in the quantum realm is simulated to derive a shared key via a public channel connecting two clients with the assistance of a server, utilizing the quantum inspire (QI) platform to generate qubits within the BB84 protocol. The results, the findings regarding the performance of BB84 reveal that when the server is set up, and the key size increases to 4000 bits, the process of sending module takes 16.215 sec, the transfer module takes approximately 5.2 hours, the receive module takes 1.257 sec to finish the process for the final session key share. This indicates a noteworthy enhancement in the execution speed of QKD employing the BB84 protocol, which now holds the potential for reinforcing network security using quantum computing systems.
Even though there have been various proposed and wideley used ciphering techniques in cryptography, main improvements in this field came out with the idea of “super computing”. Till now, popular methods like DES, AES and RSA which can be mathematically cracked in a duration of universe’s age, have been proposed. But all of these methods’s future is at risk because of the studies in production of “Quantum Computer”s of which computation speed is estimated to be very high so that no other existing super computers compete with them. At this stage, by using quantum mechanics a new method called “Quantum Key Distribution” and its protocols for the process of building cipher key, are proposed instead of determining new mathematical solutions for securing the data. In this study, a simulation project based on previously proposed Quantum Key Distribution protocols BB84 and B92, will be explained. At the end of the project by using BB84 and B92 protocols, a comparison of quantum bit error rates and detection rates of eavesdropping according to protocols, is done and results are obtained.