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Two-photon Interference at a Single Input Port of a Beam-Splitter

Pablo Palacios-Avila, Matteo P. Pennacchietti, Brady Cunard, Dan Dalacu, Philip J. Poole, Shihan Sajeed, Katanya B. Kuntz, Michael E. Reimer, Thomas D. Jennewein

Published Jan 1, 2023• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present experimental evidence for two-photon interference (TPI) in a variation of the Hong-Ou-Mandel experiment in which photons with different polarizations enter only one of the beam-splitter input ports.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_fs.2023.fm3e.7

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Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) effect is known to be one of the main phenomena in quantum optics. The effect occurs when two identical single-photon waves enter a 1:1 beam splitter, one in each input port. When the photons are identical, they will extinguish each other. One of the main elements of the HOM interferometer is the beam splitter, which has its own coefficients of reflection R=1/2R = 1/2R=1/2 and transmission $ T = 1/2 $. In this work, the general mechanism of the interaction of two photons in a beam splitter is considered using an analytical solution, which shows that in the HOM theory of the effect it is necessary to know (including when planning the experiment) not only $ R = 1/2 $ and $ T = 1/2 $, but also their root-mean-square fluctuations $ ΔR ^ 2, ΔT ^ 2 $, which arise due to the dependence of $R = R(ω_1, ω_2) $ and $ T = T (ω_1, ω_2) $ on the frequencies where ω1,ω2ω_1, ω_2ω1​,ω2​ are the frequencies of the first and second photons, respectively. Under certain conditions, specifically when the dependence of the fluctuations $ ΔR^2 $ and $ ΔT^2 $ can be neglected and $ R=T=1/2 $ is chosen, the developed theory coincides with previously known results.