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Non-Gaussian State Generation Using A Photon Detector With Finite Timing Jitter

Tatsuki Sonoyama, Warit Asavanant, Kan Takase, Kosuke Fukui, Mamoru Endo, Jun–ichi Yoshikawa, Akira Furusawa

Published Jan 1, 2023• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We formulate for the first time the effect of photon detector's timing jitter on non-Gaussian state generation. As a result, we obtain the quantitative relation between the jitter and the fidelity of the generated state.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_fs.2023.fm4a.4

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Non-Gaussian states of light, which are essential in fault-tolerant and universal optical quantum computation, are typically generated by a heralding scheme using photon detectors. Recently, it has been theoretically shown that the large timing jitter of the photon detectors deteriorates the purity of the generated non-Gaussian states [T. Sonoyama et al., Phys. Rev. A 105, 043714 (2022)]. Here, we circumvent this problem by time-gated photon detection and generate non-Gaussian states with Wigner negativity using continuous-wave light. We use a fast optical switch for time gating to effectively improve the timing jitter of a photon-number-resolving detector based on a transition edge sensor from 50 ns to 10 ns. As a result, we generate non-Gaussian states with Wigner negativity of \ensuremath{-}$0.011\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.004$ $(\ensuremath{\hbar}=1)$, which cannot be observed without the time-gated photon detection method. These results confirm the effect of the timing jitter on non-Gaussian state generation experimentally for the first time. The proposed time-gated photon detection method would be useful for high-purity non-Gaussian state preparation in optical quantum information processing.
Quantum state preparation is important for quantum information processing. In particular, in optical quantum computing with continuous variables, non-Gaussian states are needed for universal operation and error correction. Optical non-Gaussian states are usually generated by heralding schemes using photon detectors. In previous experiments, the temporal resolution of the photon detectors was sufficiently high relative to the time width of the quantum state, so that the conventional theory of non-Gaussian state preparation treated the detector's temporal resolution as negligible. However, when using various photon detectors, including photon-number-resolving detectors, the temporal resolution is non-negligible. In this paper, we extend the conventional theory of quantum state preparation using photon detectors to the finite-temporal-resolution regime, analyze the cases of single-photon and two-photon preparation as examples, and find that the generated states are characterized by the dimensionless parameter BBB, defined as the product of the temporal resolution of the detectors $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}t$ and the bandwidth of the light source $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}f$. Based on the results, $B\ensuremath{\sim}0.1$ is required to keep the purity and fidelity of the generated quantum states high.