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Temporal trapping: an all-optical route to strong coupling and quantum information processing

Ryotatsu Yanagimoto, Edwin Ng, Marc Jankowski, Hideo Mabuchi, Ryan Hamerly

Published Jan 1, 2023• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a novel confinement method of photons, temporal trapping, to circumvent the tradeoff between optical confinement and loss in nonlinear photonics, showing a potential route to all-optical strong coupling and deterministic optical quantum computation.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_fs.2023.fm3e.3

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The generation of correlated photons typically requires a highly nonlinear medium that is strongly coupled to an optical mode. Recently, significant advances have been made in this direction by strongly coupling photons to quantum emitters and exploiting the inherently nonlinear response of the latter. A number of methods have been pursued for this purpose, employing, e.g., high finesse optical cavities or strongly interacting Rydberg atoms. However, the implementation of strong and low-loss photon-photon interactions remains a challenging goal.
The realization of deterministic photon–photon gates is a central goal in optical quantum computation and engineering. A longstanding challenge is that optical nonlinearities in scalable, room-temperature material platforms are too weak to achieve the required strong coupling, due to the critical loss-confinement trade-off in existing photonic structures. In this work, we introduce a spatio-temporal confinement method, dispersion-engineered temporal trapping, to circumvent the trade-off, enabling a route to all-optical strong coupling. Temporal confinement is imposed by an auxiliary trap pulse via cross-phase modulation, which, combined with the spatial confinement of a waveguide, creates a “flying cavity” that enhances the nonlinear interaction strength by at least an order of magnitude. Numerical simulations confirm that temporal trapping confines the multimode nonlinear dynamics to a single-mode subspace, enabling high-fidelity deterministic quantum gate operations. With realistic dispersion engineering and loss figures, we show that temporally trapped ultrashort pulses could achieve strong coupling on near-term nonlinear nanophotonic platforms. Our results highlight the potential of ultrafast nonlinear optics to become the first scalable, high-bandwidth, and room-temperature platform that achieves strong coupling, opening a path to quantum computing, simulation, and light sources.
Realization of a room-temperature ultrafast photon-number-resolving quantum nondemolition (QND) measurement would have significant implications for photonic quantum information processing, enabling, for example, deterministic quantum computation in discrete-variable architectures, but the requirement for strong coupling has hampered the development of scalable implementations.In this work, we propose and analyze a nonlinear-optical route to photon-number-resolving QND using quadratic (i.e., χ (2) ) nonlinear interactions.We show that the coherent pump field driving a frequency-detuned optical parametric amplifier (OPA) experiences displacements conditioned on the number of signal Bogoliubov excitations.A measurement of the pump displacement thus provides a QND measurement of the signal Bogoliubov excitations, projecting the signal mode to a squeezed photon-number state.We then show how our nonlinear OPA dynamics can be utilized to deterministically generate Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill states with only additional Gaussian resources, offering an all-optical route for fault-tolerant quantum information processing in continuous-variable systems.Finally, we place these QND schemes into a more traditional context by highlighting analogies between the frequency-detuned optical parametric oscillator and multilevel atom-cavity quantum electrodynamics systems by showing how continuous monitoring of the outcoupled pump quadrature induces conditional localization of the intracavity signal mode onto squeezed photon-number states.Our analysis suggests that our proposal may be viable in near-term χ (2) nonlinear nanophotonics, highlighting the rich potential of the OPA as a universal tool for ultrafast non-Gaussian quantum state engineering and quantum computation.