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Universal quantum computing with anharmonic photonic cavities and free- electron ancillas

Aviv Karnieli, Shai Tsesses, Renwen Yu, Nicholas Rivera, Ady Arie, Ido E. Kaminer, Shanhui Fan

Published Jan 1, 2023• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose and analyze a new paradigm for optical quantum computation using anharmonic photonic cavity qubits and free-electron ancillas. Our approach enables deterministic, high-fidelity quantum gates and preparation of cluster states between remote cavities.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_fs.2023.fm3e.5

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This thesis describes a linear-optical device for performing generalized quantum measurements \non quantum bits (qubits) encoded in photon polarization, the implementation \nof said device, and its use in two diff erent but related experiments. The device works by \ncoupling the polarization degree of freedom of a single photon to a `mode' or `path' degree \nof freedom, and performing a projective measurement in this enlarged state space in order \nto implement a tunable four-outcome positive operator-valued measure (POVM) on the \ninitial quantum bit. In both experiments, this POVM is performed on one photon from a \ntwo-photon entangled state created through spontaneous parametric down-conversion. \nIn the fi rst experiment, this entangled state is viewed as a two-qubit photonic cluster \nstate, and the POVM as a means of increasing the computational power of a given resource \nstate in the cluster-state model of quantum computing. This model traditionally \nachieves deterministic outputs to quantum computations via successive projective measurements, \nalong with classical feedforward to choose measurement bases, on qubits in a highly entangled \nresource called a cluster state; we show that `virtual qubits' can be appended to a \ngiven cluster by replacing some projective measurements with POVMs. Our experimental \ndemonstration fully realizes an arbitrary three-qubit cluster computation by implementing \nthe POVM, as well as fast active feed-forward, on our two-qubit photonic cluster state. \nOver 206 diff erent computations, the average output delity is 0.9832 +/- 0.0002; furthermore \nthe error contribution from our POVM device and feedforward is only of order 10^-3, less \nthan some recent thresholds for fault-tolerant cluster computing. \nIn the second experiment, the POVM device is used to implement a deterministic \nprotocol for remote state preparation (RSP) of arbitrary photon polarization qubits. RSP \nis the act of preparing a quantum state at a remote location without actually transmitting \nthe state itself. We are able to remotely prepare 178 diff erent pure and mixed qubit \nstates with an average delity of 0.995. Furthermore, we study the the fidelity achievable \nby RSP protocols permitting only classical communication, without shared entanglement, \nand compare the resulting benchmarks for average fidelity against our experimental results. \nOur experimentally-achieved average fi delities surpass the classical thresholds whenever \nclassical communication alone does not trivially allow for perfect RSP.