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Simple description of ultrafast single-photon wavepackets interacting with moving fronts

Ihar Babushkin, Surajit Bose, Philip Rübeling, Oliver Melchert, Ayhan Demircan, Michael Kues, Uwe Morgner

Published Jan 1, 2023• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We consider photons experiencing reflection, tunneling or trapping by refractive index fronts moving at the speed of light. We show that evolution equations in such situations are determined uniquely via the quantum-classical correspondence principle.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_fs.2023.fth3a.8

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Description of photons as they interact with matter, for instance, during propagation in waveguides, is a complex task, having no satisfactory resolution yet. This is particular the case if one considers interaction of photonic wavepackets with strong pulses, which create moving refractive index steps and thereby can serve as effective mirrors [1] or effective traps [2]. Single and few-photon wavepackets undergo changes in frequency and waveshape as they interact with the strong pulse, providing a novel control tool [1], [2] which accepts ultrashort, even few-cycle, pulses.
The refractive index of a system is often viewed as the collective response of a medium to an electromagnetic field. Nevertheless, even if targeted at a single atom, the incoming light undergoes the dispersion. By studying the propagation of a single photon interacting with a two-level atom, we examine the dispersion behavior, calculate the phase and group velocity of the photon wave packet, and further analyze the dispersion experienced by the photon. These findings are critical for advancing long-distance quantum communications.
Moving refractive index fronts in waveguides with dispersion is a special type of spatio-temporal modulation leading to the change of signal frequency and wavenumber. The interaction of light with such fronts allows frequency conversion, light stopping, optical delays as well as bandwidth and pulse duration manipulation. We will present theoretical and experimental examples of signal transmission, reflection and trapping by the front and highlight special situations such as light stopping, time reversal or optical push broom effect. We will geometrically consider indirect transitions in the dispersion relation using the phase continuity relation at the front and present numerical solutions of the linear Schrödinger equation which follows from the slowly varying envelope approximation of the wave equation. In particular, for highly dispersive waveguides a temporal evolution of the spatial wave envelopes are considered in contrast to conventional spatial evolution of temporal envelopes. Further, we will present an overview of experimental results and estimate the maximal achievable effects for each of the application in different waveguide systems.