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RANDOM HILBERT SPACE AND WIENER’S INTERPRETATION OF QUANTUM MECHANICS

Yu. P. Rybakov

Published Jul 17, 2023• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The special representation of quantum mechanics suggested by Wiener is studied, the wave function being considered as Gaussian random variable, i. e. the vector of the random Hilbert space. The connection between this representation and the well-known Einstein’s program aiming at creating the consistent field formulation of particle physics is revealed, with particles being represented as solitons, clots of some material field satisfying nonlinear equations.

DOI
10.22363/2224-7580-2023-2-76-80

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The special representation of quantum mechanics suggested by Wiener is studied, the wave function being considered as Gaussian random variable, i. e. the vector of the random Hilbert space. The connection between this representation and the well-known Einstein’s program aiming at creating the consistent field formulation of particle physics is revealed, with particles being represented as solitons, clots of some material field satisfying nonlinear equations.
Background Using the Einstein's idea on particles-solitons, the stochastic representation of the wave function as a large sum of solitons with random phases is suggested.Purpose To illustrate the main idea of the stochastic representation, let us recall the lectures by N. Wiener on nonlinear problems in random theory.Method In these lectures Wiener used the so-called 𝛼-representation of the wave function for a nonrelativistic particle in three-dimensional space, the wave function being considered as an element of the random Hilbert space with the Gaussian dispersion.Results This representation appears to be equivalent, in accordance with the central limiting theorem, to the sum of many complex solitons with random phases.Conclusions On the basis of this representation it is possible to substantiate the Born's rule for measuring physical observables and also to explain the "spin-statistics" correlation in quantum mechanics.
We consider the essence of the well-known discussion between Bohr and Einstein (1935), which concerned the completeness of quantum mechanics. If one followed Bohr, then the wave function would give the probability description of an individual particle. However, Einstein considered the wave function as an instrument for describing the statistical ensemble of identical particles—solitons. On the other hand, Wiener found the special α\alphaα -representation of quantum mechanics, for which the wave function appeared to be an element of the random Hilbert space with normal dispersion. This fact proves the equivalence of Bohr’s and Einstein’s positions, the central limiting theorem being taken into account. Also the dark matter hypothesis and new possibilities of the Brioschi 16-spinor realization of the Skyrme–Faddeev chiral model are discussed, including the neutrino oscillation problem.
The relation between continuous functions and random vectors is revealed in the paper that the main meaning is described as, for any given continuous function, there must be a sequence of probability spaces and a sequence of random vectors where every random vector is defined on one of these probability spaces, such that the sequence of conditional mathematical expectations formed by the random vectors uniformly converges to the continuous function. This is a random vector representation of continuous functions, which is regarded as a bridge to be set up between real function theory and probability theory. By means of this conclusion, an interesting result about function approximation theory can be obtained. The random vector representation of continuous functions is of important applications in physics. Based on the conclusion, if a large proportion of certainty phenomena can be described by continuous functions and random phenomena can also be described by random variables or vectors, then any certainty phenomenon must be the limit state of a sequence of random phenomena. Then, in the approximation from a sequence of random vectors to a continuous function, the base functions are appropriately selected by us, and an important conclusion for quantum mechanics is deduced: classical mechanics and quantum mechanics are unified. Particularly, an interesting and very important conclusion is introduced as the fact that the mass point motion of a macroscopical object possesses a kind of wave characteristic curve, which is called wave-mass-point duality.
We show that QM can be represented as a natural projection of a classical statistical model on the phase space Ω = H × H , where H is the real Hilbert space. Statistical states are given by Gaussian measures on Ω having zero mean value and dispersion of very small magnitude α (which is considered as a small parameter of the model). Such statistical states can be interpreted as fluctuations of the background field, cf. with SED and Nelson's mechanics. Physical variables (e.g., energy) are given by maps f : Ω → R (functions of classical fields). The conventional quantum representation of our prequantum classical statistical model is constructed on the basis of the Taylor expansion (up to the terms of the second order at the vacuum field point ψ vacuum ≡ 0) of variables f : Ω → R with respect to the small parameter √α The complex structure of QM is induced by the symplectic structure on the infinite-dimensional phase space Ω. A Gaussian measure (statistical state) is represented in QM by its covariation operator. Equations of Schrödinger, Heisenberg and von Neumann are images of Hamiltonian dynamics on Ω. The main experimental prediction of our prequantum model is that experimental statistical averages can deviate from ones given by QM.
Starting with the projective interpretation of the Hilbert space special stochastic representation of the wave function in Quantum Mechanics (QM), based on soliton realization of extended particles, is considered with the aim to model quantum states via classical computer. Entangled solitons construction having been earlier introduced in the nonlinear spinor field model for the calculation of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) spin correlation for the spin-1/2 particles in the singlet state, the other example is now studied. The latter concerns the entangled envelope solitons in Kerr dielectric with cubic nonlinearity, where we use two-solitons configurations for modeling the entangled states of photons. Finally, the concept of stochastic qubits is used for quantum computing modeling.
This thesis is an attempt to reconstruct the conceptual foundations of quantum mechanics. First, we argue that the wave function in quantum mechanics is a description of random discontinuous motion of particles, and the modulus square of the wave function gives the probability density of the particles being in certain locations in space. Next, we show that the linear non-relativistic evolution of the wave function of an isolated system obeys the free Schrödinger equation due to the requirements of spacetime translation invariance and relativistic invariance. Thirdly, we argue that the random discontinuous motion of particles may lead to a stochastic, nonlinear collapse evolution of the wave function. A discrete model of energy-conserved wavefunction collapse is proposed and shown to be consistent with existing experiments and our macroscopic experience. In addition, we also give a critical analysis of the de Broglie-Bohm theory, the many-worlds interpretation and dynamical collapse theories, and briefly analyze the problem of the incompatibility between quantum mechanics and special relativity.