This data repository contains the information necessary to reproduce the main results of the paper “Exponential quantum advantage for learning signals with a single qubit”. The repository contains both the data required to generate the figures of the main manuscript and the supplemental material, as well as source code for running the experiments and simulations presented in the paper. There are two main folders: experiment_code (which contains all experimental scripts to calibrate device and run the protocols presented in the paper) and simulation_code (which contains simulation details of the dark matter and communication detection tasks) The data folder contains experimental raw and processed data generated. The figures folder contains all the plots presented in the manuscript.