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Laser Physics

Manipulating vortices with a rotating laser beam in Bose–Einstein condensates

Xuefeng Di, Yu-Hang Nie, Tao Yang

Published Jun 28, 2023• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract We investigate the influence of a rotating laser beam on the dynamics of a topological vortex excitation in single-component and binary two-dimensional Bose–Einstein condensates loaded in harmonic traps. The vortex dynamics show different characters by considering the relative position of the vortex and the laser beam and the excitations in the condensates with respect to the rotating frequency and the size of the laser beam. We show the dynamic phase diagrams of single-component condensates with radial isotropy and anisotropy and binary condensates with the vortex and the laser beam being in the same component and different components. Interesting dynamical states such as bound-state, free-state, chaotic-state, free-chaotic-state and bound-chaotic-state are identified for different systems within certain parameter regions.

DOI
10.1088/1555-6611/acde6d

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Quantum vortices in superfluid Bose Einstein condensates (BECs) are excellent candidates\nfor studying hydrodynamic phenomena, such as turbulence and chaos, due to the\nquantization of vortex circulation and the absence of dissipation in BECs. Since the early\n2000s, many experimental groups have successfully observed vortices in dilute atomic\nBECs.\n\nThis work mainly focuses on creating quantum chaos with a few vortices in a twodimensional\nBEC of Rubidium􀀀87. We use graphics processing unit (GPU) computing methods to simulate our BEC trapped inside a harmonic potential with tight trapping in one direction. The quantum vortices are created by rotating the condensate. After generating the ground state of the BEC with a small number of singly charged vortices with positive phase winding, we imprint a 4\\pi phase winding on top of one vortex in the opposite orientation to that of the original vortex. This phase imprinting annihilates the preexisting vortex and creates a new singly-charged vortex with negative phase winding. Due to the high resolution of our system and an excellent vortex tracking algorithm, the location of phase imprinting can be delicately controlled.\n\nBoth the individual vortex dynamics and the dynamics of the entire system of vortices\nafter flipping a vortex have shown strong signs of chaos. This chaotic nature is\nfurther confirmed both qualitatively and quantitatively by employing two chaos indicators\non our numerical results. These chaos indicators are the Lyapunov exponent spectrum\nand the Smaller ALignment Index (SALI). The Lyapunov exponent remains positive and\nconverges to a positive value during an experimentally realistic time period, which is the\nsmoking gun for chaotic behaviour.