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Iranian Journal of Physics Research

Discriminating between optical coherent superposition states with imperfect detection

Fatahizadeh, Ardalan, Ardeshir Rabeie

Published Mar 1, 2023• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum state discrimination between optical coherent superposition states is considered. The Helstrom bound for imperfect detection is evaluated. Under a physically realistic model of photodetection, we study several techniques for discriminating between optical coherent superposition states. We investigate quantum error probabilities for the Kennedy receiver, the Dolinar receiver and the unitary rotation scheme proposed by Sasaki and Hirota for sub-unity detector efficiency. Also, we study the feedback strategy employed by the Dolinar receiver to achieve the Helstrom bound for sub-unity detection efficiency.

DOI
10.47176/ijpr.22.4.11398

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Quantum state discrimination between optical coherent superposition states is considered. The Helstrom bound for imperfect detection is evaluated. Under a physically realistic model of photodetection, we study several techniques for discriminating between optical coherent superposition states. We investigate quantum error probabilities for the Kennedy receiver, the Dolinar receiver and the unitary rotation scheme proposed by Sasaki and Hirota for sub-unity detector efficiency. Also, we study the feedback strategy employed by the Dolinar receiver to achieve the Helstrom bound for sub-unity detection efficiency.
Part of the difficulties in implementing communication in quantum information stems from the fragility of Schrödinger's cat-like superpositions. A recent experiment in quantum optics by Cook et al (2007 Nature 446 774) has proved the feasibility of a feedback-mediated quantum measurement for discriminating between optical coherent states under photodetection. Minimizing the error in receiver measurement over all possible POVMs leads to the so-called quantum error probability or 'Helstrom bound', and CMG measurements validate the theoretical prediction by Helstrom, Dolinar and Geremia concerning this bound. In this work, we present some preliminary theoretical and numerical explorations concerning the properties of the Helstrom bound in binary (or multibinary) communication involving non-Poissonian or nonlinear coherent states.
A part of difficulties in implementing communication in Quantum Information stems from the fragility of Shroedinger cat-like superpositions. We describe here a recent experiment in Quantum Optics proving the feasibility of a feedback-mediated quantum measurement for discriminating between optical coherent states under photodetection. The measurements validate theoretical prediction by Helstrom ("Helstrom bound"), Dolinar and Geremia. This contribution gives an account of the implementation achieved by Cook, Martin and Geremia (2007) and explains the theoretical approaches to the subject.
One of the most crucial challenges in quantum communication is the discrimination of the non-orthogonal coherent states approaching the Helstrom limit. In this paper, a soft iterative quantum receiver is derived for discriminating among the coherent states. The receivers employing the iterative strategy for optimizing the feedback measurement are capable of operating closer to the theoretical error probability limit, actuating about 1.05 dB improvement over a recent proposed quantum receiver. The iterative quantum receivers achieve excellent performance despite using a reduced number of feedback measurement steps. Monte Carlo simulations are performed for quantifying the influence of practical quantum-domain impairments. These results suggest that iterative detection offers substantial robustness against many imperfections degrading realistic experimental implementation.
The impossibility of perfectly discriminating non-orthogonal quantum states imposes far-reaching consequences both on quantum and classical communication schemes.Wepropose and numerically analyze an optimized quantum receiver for the discrimination of phase encoded signals. Our scheme outperforms the standard quantum limit and approaches the Helstrom bound for any signal power. The discrimination is performed via an optimized, feedback-mediated displacement prior to a photon counting detector.Weprovide a detailed analysis of the influence of excess noise and technical imperfections on the average error probability. The results demonstrate the receiver’s robustness and show that it can outperform any classical receiver over a wide range of realistic parameters.
The impossibility of perfectly discriminating non-orthogonal quantum states imposes far-reaching consequences both on quantum and classical communication schemes. We propose and numerically analyze an optimized quantum receiver for the discrimination of phase encoded signals. Our scheme outperforms the standard quantum limit and approaches the Helstrom bound for any signal power. The discrimination is performed via an optimized, feedback-mediated displacement prior to a photon counting detector. We provide a detailed analysis of the influence of excess noise and technical imperfections on the average error probability. The results demonstrate the receiver's robustness and show that it can outperform any classical receiver over a wide range of realistic parameters.