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Waves in Random and Complex Media

Reconstruction of the high-fidelity vortex wavefront via double dark resonances in a four-level atomic medium

Zhiping Wang

Published Jun 22, 2023• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Recent years have seen vast progress in the generation and detection of vortex light, with potential applications in classical and quantum optics. However, it is still a challenge to efficiently generate high-fidelity vortex wavefronts in practical applications. Here, we propose a scheme to reconstruct the high-fidelity vortex wavefront via double dark resonances in a four-level atomic system. It is shown that, owing to a microwave field which interacts with magnetic or electric dipole moments of relevant atomic transitions, thereby generating spatially varying double dark resonances which in turn lead to the reconstruction of the incident probe field. In addition, to gauge the quality of the reconstructed probe field in comparison to the incident probe field, we study the fidelity of the reconstructed probe field and find that the reconstructed mode has a fidelity of more than 90% under the double-dark resonant condition. This study would be helpful to demonstrate optical vortex manipulation in atomic media.

DOI
10.1080/17455030.2023.2226780

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Recent years have seen vast progress in the generation and detection of vortex light, with potential applications in classical and quantum optics. However, it is still a challenge to efficiently generate high-fidelity vortex wavefronts in practical applications. Here, we propose a scheme to reconstruct the high-fidelity vortex wavefront via double dark resonances in a four-level atomic system. It is shown that, owing to a microwave field which interacts with magnetic or electric dipole moments of relevant atomic transitions, thereby generating spatially varying double dark resonances which in turn lead to the reconstruction of the incident probe field. In addition, to gauge the quality of the reconstructed probe field in comparison to the incident probe field, we study the fidelity of the reconstructed probe field and find that the reconstructed mode has a fidelity of more than 90% under the double-dark resonant condition. This study would be helpful to demonstrate optical vortex manipulation in atomic media.
We propose and analyze an efficient scheme for the coherent transfer of optical vortices in a cold atomic ensemble with four-level double-$\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ configuration. The orbital angular-momentum (OAM) information can be transferred from the incident vortex fields to the generated backward signal field via resonant backward four-wave mixing (FWM). Considering the single vortex probe field initially acting on one transition of the atomic ensemble and using experimentally achievable parameters, we identify the conditions under which the resonant backward FWM allows us to greatly improve the conversion efficiency of optical vortices beyond what is achievable in the resonant forward OAM transfers. It is found that the complete energy conversion of optical vortices originates from the perfect competition between linear absorption and parametric gain. We also demonstrate that the phase mismatching would be detrimental to the high-efficiency transfer of optical vortices. Furthermore, we show that the generated backward signal field develops a new pure or mixing OAM state when the control field is also a vortex beam. Finally, we investigate the composite vortex beam generated by collinear superposition of the incident vortex probe and signal fields, which can controlled via adjusting the intensity of the control field. Our scheme may have potential applications in OAM-based optical communication and optical information processing.
Orbital angular momentum (OAM) is an important property of vortex light, which provides a valuable tool to manipulate the light-matter interaction in the study of classical and quantum optics. Here we propose a scheme to generate vortex light fields via four-wave mixing (FWM) in asymmetric semiconductor quantum wells. By tailoring the probe-field and control-field detunings, we can effectively manipulate the helical phase and intensity of the FWM field. Particularly, when probe field and control field have identical detuning, we find that both the absorption and phase twist of the generated FWM field are significantly suppressed. Consequently, the highly efficient vortex FWM is realized, where the maximum conversion efficiency reaches around 50%. Our study provides a tool to transfer vortex wavefronts from input to output fields in an efficient way, which may find potential applications in solid-state quantum optics and quantum information processing.
We investigate theoretically a scheme for all-optical generation of structured light beams with and without a microwave field in an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) medium composed of rubidium atoms. In a conventional EIT system, two optical fields (namely, a strong control field and a weak probe field) drive two electric-dipole-allowed transitions of an atom to form a three-level system in a $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ configuration. At EIT resonance, we found that a Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) control beam induces a radial modulation of probe's absorption profile in such way that a Gaussian probe beam is reshaped into a hollow-Gaussian beam following the position-selective absorption. The transmitted probe beam has a doughnut-shaped intensity structure similar to that LG beam whereas the phase profile is still a spherical wave. Moreover, the presence of a microwave field between two ground states of three-level system leads to a closed-loop system, and probe response is modified with an additional term proportional to the amplitudes of Rabi frequencies of control and microwave fields, and relative phase of three fields. This term acts as driving field which is responsible for the generation of a vortex probe beam having a helical phase profile. We have further shown that the amplitude and helical phase of generated vortex beam can be manipulated by changing the relative phase of applied fields and temperature of the vapor cell. The present study may provide a useful tool for creation of structured light beams with and without orbital angular momentum.
In this thesis, quantum coherent control of dynamic properties of double-dark-resonance atomic systems is pursued in detail. First we show our scheme for creating atomic coherent superposition states via the technique of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage in a Lambda-type four-level system. With the application of a control field, it is found that the presence of double dark states leads to two arbitrary coherent superposition states with equal amplitude but inverse relative phases, even though the condition of multiphoton resonance is not met. The suitable manipulation of the control field and detunings enables the proposed scheme to create any coherent superposition states one desired. Then, in the above mentioned double-dark-resonant system, a scheme for giant enhancement of the Kerr nonlinearity is put forward. Compared with that generated in a single-dark-resonance system, the Kerr nonlinearity can be enhanced by several orders of magnitude with vanishing linear absorption. We attribute this dramatic enhancement to the interaction of dark resonances. As another possible means for enhancement of Kerr nonlinearity, spontaneously generated coherence is proposed. Meanwhile, a theoretical investigation is carried out in a five-level tripod system for obtaining a high efficiency double-channel four-wave-mixing process. By manipulating the intensity of the two coupling fields, the conversion efficiency of four-wave-mixing can be controlled.
We propose an efficient scheme for the dynamic generation and manipulation of beating signals in a sample of cold atoms driven into the four-level quasi-Λ configuration. This scheme relies on a procedure of light storage and retrieval controlled by a classical coupling field with a microwave field introduced only in the retrieval stage. One quantum probe field, incident upon this atomic sample, is transformed into a collective excitation of atomic spin coherence and then into two optical components characterized by different time-dependent phases. Consequently the retrieved quantum probe field exhibits a series of maxima and minima (beating signals) in intensity due to the alternative constructive and destructive interference. This interesting phenomenon, in fact, involves the coherent conversion between single-mode and two-mode dark-state polaritons and could be explored to measure the microwave intensity with high-precision beating signals.
We consider transfer of optical vortices between laser pulses carrying orbital angular momentum in a cloud of cold atoms characterized by the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ configuration of the atom-light coupling. The atoms are initially prepared in a coherent superposition of the lower levels, creating a so-called phaseonium medium. If a single vortex beam initially acts on one transition of the scheme, an extra laser beam is subsequently generated with the same vorticity as that of the incident vortex beam. The absorption of the incident probe beam takes place mostly at the beginning of the atomic medium within the absorption length. The losses disappear as the probe beam propagates deeper into the medium where the atoms are transferred to their dark states. The method is extended to a tripod atom-light coupling scheme and a more general (n+1n+1n+1)-level scheme containing nnn ground states and one excited state, allowing for creation of multiple twisted light beams. We also analyze generation of composite optical vortices in the scheme using a superposition of two initial vortex beams and study lossless propagation of such composite vortices.