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Physical Review A

Frequency conversion in a hybrid cavity-optomechanical system

Wenjun Shao, Jian Li, Liang‐Liang Wang

Published Jun 12, 2023• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a scheme to realize frequency conversion of photons, using a hybrid system with a qubit coupled to both a resonator cavity and an optomechanical cavity. In this system, a high-energy photon can be converted into a low-energy photon plus a phonon and vice versa; the qubit works as an intermediate medium with its states unchanged. Moreover, the process can be exquisitely tuned by changing the frequency of the qubit or the resonator mode, providing additional control for the conversion. We further analyze the system dynamics and demonstrate two Rabi oscillation behaviors with dissipations. With the state-of-the-art techniques in cavity quantum electrodynamics and optomechanical systems, our proposal would be implemented and an efficient and controllable quantum light source can be achieved.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.107.063505

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We propose a scheme to realize frequency conversion of photons, using a hybrid system with a qubit coupled to both a resonator cavity and an optomechanical cavity. In this system, a high-energy photon can be converted into a low-energy photon plus a phonon and vice versa; the qubit works as an intermediate medium with its states unchanged. Moreover, the process can be exquisitely tuned by changing the frequency of the qubit or the resonator mode, providing additional control for the conversion. We further analyze the system dynamics and demonstrate two Rabi oscillation behaviors with dissipations. With the state-of-the-art techniques in cavity quantum electrodynamics and optomechanical systems, our proposal would be implemented and an efficient and controllable quantum light source can be achieved.
We show that an atom can be coupled to a mechanical oscillator via quantum vacuum fluctuations of a cavity field enabling energy transfer processes between them. In a hybrid quantum system consisting of a cavity resonator with a movable mirror and an atom, these processes are dominated by two pair-creation mechanisms: the counterrotating (atom-cavity system) and dynamical Casimir interaction terms (optomechanical system). Because of these two pair-creation mechanisms, the resonant atom-mirror coupling is the result of high-order virtual processes with different transition paths well described in our theoretical framework. We perform a unitary transformation to the atom-mirror system Hamiltonian, exhibiting two kinds of multiple-order transitions of the pair creation. By tuning the frequency of the atom, we show that photon frequency conversion can be realized within a cavity of multiple modes. Furthermore, when involving two atoms coupled to the same mechanical mode, a single vibrating excitation of the mechanical oscillator can be simultaneously absorbed by the two atoms. Considering recent advances in strong and ultrastrong coupling for cavity optomechanics and other systems, we believe our proposals can be implemented using available technology.
We propose a new method for frequency conversion of photons which is both versatile and deterministic. We show that a system with two resonators ultrastrongly coupled to a single qubit can be used to realise both single- and multiphoton frequency-conversion processes. The conversion can be exquisitely controlled by tuning the qubit frequency to bring the desired frequency-conversion transitions on or off resonance. Considering recent experimental advances in ultrastrong coupling for circuit QED and other systems, we believe that our scheme can be implemented using available technology.
Hybrid quantum systems harness the distinct advantages of different physical platforms, yet their integration is not always trivial due to potential incompatibilities in operational principles. Here, we theoretically propose and demonstrate a scheme for generating non-Gaussian mechanical states using a strongly driven hybrid system that combines cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) and cavity optomechanics. Our protocol prepares a non-Gaussian cavity state in the dispersive regime of cavity QED and subsequently transfers it to a mechanical oscillator using the optomechanical interaction enhanced by a coherent cavity drive. While non-Gaussian cavity state control in cavity QED is well established in the dispersive regime, its behavior under strong cavity drive, essential for cavity optomechanics, remains largely unexplored. To bridge this gap, we develop an efficient simulation framework to model cavity QED dynamics in the high-photon-number regime. We show that a strong cavity drive can coherently displace the cavity state with minimal perturbations, effectively decoupling it from the qubit. The resulting large coherent cavity field enhances the optomechanical coupling strength, enabling high-fidelity transfer of non-Gaussian cavity states to the mechanical mode. These results reveal new dynamical features of driven cavity QED and open a pathway toward realizing non-Gaussian mechanical quantum memories and sensors.
When an atom is strongly coupled to a cavity, the two systems can exchange a single photon through a coherent Rabi oscillation. This process enables precise quantum-state engineering and manipulation of atoms and photons in a cavity, which play a central role in quantum information and measurement. Recently, a new regime of cavity QED was reached experimentally where the strength of the interaction between light and artificial atoms (qubits) becomes comparable to the atomic transition frequency or the resonance frequency of the cavity mode. Here we show that this regime can strongly modify the concept of vacuum Rabi oscillations, enabling multiphoton exchanges between the qubit and the resonator. We find that experimental state-of-the-art circuit-QED systems can undergo two- and three-photon vacuum Rabi oscillations. These anomalous Rabi oscillations can be exploited for the realization of efficient Fock-state sources of light and complex entangled states of qubits.
We study the optical bistability and dynamics in a hybrid optomechanical system, where the cavity mode is coupled to the mechanical resonator via radiation pressure and to a two-level atom via the Jaynes–Cummings coupling. The nonlinearity due to optomechanical coupling and the addition of an atom leads to bistable behaviors of the steady-state intracavity photon number and atomic population inversion. We show that the optical bistability can be effectively controlled by the Rabi frequency of the atomic driving field, the cavity–atom coupling strength, and the amplitude and frequency of the cavity pump field. Moreover, the effects of different initial conditions of the cavity field and the amplitude of the cavity pump field on the dynamics of the system also have been discussed.
In this paper, we propose a scheme to achieve a multiphonon-resonance quantum Rabi model and adiabatic passage in a strong-coupling cavity optomechanical system. In the scheme, when the driving bichromatic laser beam is adjusted to the off-resonant j -order red- and blue-sideband, the interaction between the cavity and mechanical oscillator leads to a j -phonon resonance quantum Rabi model. Moreover, we show that there exists a resonant multi-phonon coupling via intermediate states connected by counter-rotating processes when the frequency of the simulated bosonic mode is near a fraction of the transition frequency of the simulated two-level system. As a typical example, we theoretically analyze the two-phonon resonance quantum Rabi model, and derive an effective Hamiltonian of the six-phonon coupling. Finally, we present a method of six-phonon generation based on adiabatic passage across the resonance. Numerical simulations confirm the validity of the proposed scheme. Theoretically, the proposed scheme can be extended to the realization of 3 j -phonon state.