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Physics Today

Superdeterministic loophole

T. N. Palmer

Published Jun 1, 2023• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1063/pt.3.5249

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The historical consensus in biophysics has long maintained that the human brain is a strictly classical thermodynamic system, arguing that the “warm, wet, and noisy” biological environment forces rapid quantum decoherence. However, emerging theoretical models and empirical anomalies in quantum biology suggest that macroscopic neural state vectors may actually be driven by underlying quantum correlations. This paper investigates the specific mechanisms—such as microtubule superradiance and Zero-Point Field (ZPF) coupling—that could theoretically preserve and utilize quantum coherence at physiological temperatures. We analyze how sub-nanometer quantum optical effects in tryptophan mega-networks can be deterministically translated into macroscopic action potentials. The results of our theoretical synthesis and computational modeling indicate that while the “Quantum Brain” hypothesis is biologically plausible, its standard ontological interpretation is fundamentally flawed. Proponents frequently appeal to quantum indeterminacy to rescue the metaphysical concept of free will, treating wave function collapse as an uncaused, non-computable choice. By applying the superdeterministic loophole—which violates the assumption of statistical independence—we demonstrate that these quantum biological mechanisms are actually executing pre-correlated hidden variables established at the Big Bang. We conclude that the brain is a deterministic quantum engine, not a random number generator. The subjective experience of conscious agency is reframed as a necessary biological data-compression heuristic, a user interface that masks the relentless, unbroken causal chain of a superdeterministic reality.
We prove that superdeterministic models of quantum mechanics are conspiratorial in a mathematically well-defined sense, by further development of the ideas presented in a previous article A . We consider a Bell scenario where, in each run and at each wing, the experimenter chooses one of N devices to determine the local measurement setting. We prove, without assuming any features of quantum statistics, that superdeterministic models of this scenario must have a finely tuned distribution of hidden variables. Specifically, fine-tuning is required so that the measurement statistics depend on the measurement settings but not on the details of how the settings are chosen. We quantify this as the overhead fine-tuning F of the model, and show that F > 0 (corresponding to ‘fine-tuned’) for any N > 1. The notion of fine-tuning assumes that arbitrary (‘non-equilibrium’) hidden-variables distributions are possible in principle. We also show how to quantify superdeterministic conspiracy without using non-equilibrium. This second approach is based on the fact that superdeterministic correlations can mimic actual signalling. We argue that an analogous situation occurs in equilibrium where, for every run, the devices that the hidden variables are correlated with are coincidentally the same as the devices in fact used. This results in extremely large superdeterministic correlations, which we quantify as a drop of an appropriately defined formal entropy. Non-local and retrocausal models turn out to be non-conspiratorial according to both approaches.