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International Electrical Engineering Congress (iEECON)

A Classifiers Experimentation with Quantum Machine Learning

Chaiyaporn Khemapatapan, Thammanoon Thepsena, Aomduan Jeamaon

Published Mar 8, 2023• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum Computing is a new way to create a different type of computer system from Quantum Mechanics. Quantum machine learning is one of the applications took the benefit from qauntum computers. In this experiment, we use the IBM Qiskit library to study how well a quantum machine learning classifier works. We made two different colored dots to represent the two-class dataset. The quantum circuit can be collected from the Qiskit library. The 1stand 2ndorder feature map schemes operated by oracle quantum oracle functions are applied before making a classification. Finally, we can call the quantum support vector machine or QSVM function to classify data. Kernel matrix from the studied qauntum model shows that quantum computing can be used to clearly classify classes of the dataset with 100 percent accuracy.

DOI
10.1109/ieecon56657.2023.10126672

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Quantum Computing is a new way to create a different type of computer system from Quantum Mechanics. Quantum machine learning is one of the applications took the benefit from qauntum computers. In this experiment, we use the IBM Qiskit library to study how well a quantum machine learning classifier works. We made two different colored dots to represent the two-class dataset. The quantum circuit can be collected from the Qiskit library. The 1stand 2ndorder feature map schemes operated by oracle quantum oracle functions are applied before making a classification. Finally, we can call the quantum support vector machine or QSVM function to classify data. Kernel matrix from the studied qauntum model shows that quantum computing can be used to clearly classify classes of the dataset with 100 percent accuracy.
Quantum machine learning is at the crossroads of two of the most exciting current areas of research; quantum computing and classical machine learning. It explores the interaction between quantum computing and machine learning, investigating how results and techniques from one field can be used to solve the problems of the other. Here, we investigate quantum support vector machine (QSVM) algorithm and its circuit version on present quantum computers. We propose a general encoding procedure extending QSVM algorithm, which would allow one to feed vectors with higher dimension in the training-data oracle of QSVM. We compute the efficiency of the QSVM circuit implementation method by encoding training and testing data sample in quantum circuits and running them on quantum simulator and real chip for two datasets; 6/9 and banknote. We highlight the technical difficulties one would face while applying the QSVM algorithm on current NISQ era devices. Then we propose a new method to classify these datasets with enhanced efficiencies for the above datasets both on simulator and real chips.
This thesis explores the integration of quantum computing into Machine Learning (ML), aiming to evaluate the effectiveness and limitations of quantum-enhanced models compared to classical approaches. As quantum technologies continue to develop, they offer the potential for solving complex computational problems more efficiently, particularly in fields requiring high-dimensional data processing. A literature review is conducted to contextualize current advancements in Quantum Machine Learning, highlighting theoretical benefits and existing practical limitations. This work investigates whether quantum methods, specifically the Quantum Support Vector Classifier (QSVC), can provide measurable improvements over its classical counterpart. The QSVC, implemented using IBM’s Qiskit ML library, replaces traditional kernel functions with quantum kernels computed via quantum circuits and feature maps, embedding classical data into a Hilbert space. The experimental portion of this thesis compares classical and quantum models on two distinct datasets: one from the healthcare domain and another from particle physics. Various parameters are tested in a constrained grid search due to the high computational demands of quantum circuits. Results indicate that while quantum models are significantly more resource-intensive, they can achieve comparable or even improved performance on data that has more complex relations between their variables. However, scalability remains a major challenge. This work concludes that although QSVC does not yet consistently outperform classical models, it offers advantages in specific contexts and lays the groundwork for identifying future use cases where quantum computing may offer a practical advantage in ML.
A typical problem that is solved by supervised machine learning techniques is classification. There are many types of this problem, such as binary classification, multi-classification, and multi-labels. The development of techniques that perform well in different types of classification problems, and for datasets with many or few variables, or many or few data, remains a challenge. On the other hand, recent work indicates that machine learning can benefit from quantum computing in terms of reducing computational complexity and improving its performance. The purpose of this research is to analyze the use of Quantum Support Vector Machines (QSVM) for different types of classification problems. For this, several kernels (linear and Gaussian) are considered. In turn, a comparison is made with Random Forest. Also, a detailed analysis is carried out for the binary classification of coffee beans, obtaining a precision of 95% and an accuracy of 79%.
Quantum machine learning (QML) is an evolving field which is capable of surpassing the classical machine learning in solving classification and clustering problems. The enormous growth in data size started creating barrier for classical machine learning techniques. QML stand out as a best solution to handle big and complex data. In this paper quantum support vector machine (QSVM) based models for the classification of three benchmarking datasets namely, Iris species, Pumpkin seed and Raisin has been constructed. These QSVM based classification models are implemented on real-time superconducting quantum computers/simulators. The performance of these classification models is evaluated in the context of execution time and accuracy and compared with the classical support vector machine (SVM) based models. The kernel based QSVM models for the classification of datasets when run on IBMQ_QASM_simulator appeared to be 232, 207 and 186 times faster than the SVM based classification model. The results indicate that quantum computers/algorithms deliver quantum speed-up.
Quantum computing is a promising new approach to tackle the complex real-world computational problems by harnessing the power of quantum mechanics principles. The inherent parallelism and exponential computational power of quantum systems hold the potential to outpace classical counterparts in solving complex optimization problems, which are pervasive in machine learning. Quantum Support Vector Machine (QSVM) is a quantum machine learning algorithm inspired by classical Support Vector Machine (SVM) that exploits quantum parallelism to efficiently classify data points in high-dimensional feature spaces. We provide a comprehensive overview of the underlying principles of QSVM, elucidating how different quantum feature maps and quantum kernels enable the manipulation of quantum states to perform classification tasks. Through a comparative analysis, we reveal the quantum advantage achieved by these algorithms in terms of speedup and solution quality. As a case study, we explored the potential of quantum paradigms in the context of a real-world problem: classifying pancreatic cancer biomarker data. The Support Vector Classifier (SVC) algorithm was employed for the classical approach while the QSVM algorithm was executed on a quantum simulator provided by the Qiskit quantum computing framework. The classical approach as well as the quantum-based techniques reported similar accuracy. This uniformity suggests that these methods effectively captured similar underlying patterns in the dataset. Remarkably, quantum implementations exhibited substantially reduced execution times demonstrating the potential of quantum approaches in enhancing classification efficiency. This affirms the growing significance of quantum computing as a transformative tool for augmenting machine learning paradigms and also underscores the potency of quantum execution for computational acceleration.
In this work, we studied the use of Quantum Machine Learning (QML) algorithms for binary classification and compared their performance with classical Machine Learning (ML) methods. QML merges principles of Quantum Computing (QC) and ML, offering improved efficiency and potential quantum advantage in data-driven tasks and when solving complex problems. In binary classification, where the goal is to assign data to one of two categories, QML uses quantum algorithms to process large datasets efficiently. Quantum algorithms like Quantum Support Vector Machines (QSVM) and Quantum Neural Networks (QNN) exploit quantum parallelism and entanglement to enhance performance over classical methods. This study focuses on two common QML algorithms, Quantum Support Vector Classifier (QSVC) and QNN. We used the Qiskit software and conducted the experiments with three different datasets. Data preprocessing included dimensionality reduction using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and standardization using scalers. The results showed that quantum algorithms demonstrated competitive performance against their classical counterparts in terms of accuracy, while QSVC performed better than QNN. These findings suggest that QML holds potential for improving computational efficiency in binary classification tasks. This opens the way for more efficient and scalable solutions in complex classification challenges and shows the complementary role of quantum computing.