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Advanced Studies in Theoretical Physics

Single slit diffraction pattern of Schrödinger particle with interaction with the wall

Antonio Zecca A

Published Jan 1, 2023• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.12988/astp.2023.91997

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The diffraction pattern by double slit is studied by incoming Gaus-sian wave packet subjected to scattering interaction with the wall and a truncation assumption when crossing the slits. Explicit results are valid for sufficiently smooth scattering amplitude. They concern large and narrow aperture of the incoming wave packet. For wave packet localized in spatial region smaller then the aperture of the slits there is no diffraction and the particle behaves classically. For wave packet peaked in the momentum probability distribution there are maxima, superimposed to the canonical diffraction pattern, in correspondence to the edges of the slits. Previous similar results are generalized and improved.

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Heisenberg's uncertainty principle explains single slit diffraction1 where maximum is always at the centre. The same experiment has been conducted but with transparent walls i.e. the material present on either side of the slit, instead of opaque material. The observed result is a minimum at the centre in between two maximum. It is intuitive that atleast some photons passed through the slit must end up at the centre of the diffraction pattern but the result is different. The diffraction pattern occurs as the photons interact with the material around the slit. While uncertainty principle cannot give quantitative explanation as the photons confined in gap between slits still occupy the same space whether it is passing through a slit or not. This paper discusses various experiments and results by examining the interactions between photons and the material of the wall which makes the slit for better understanding of properties of light.

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The mainstream quantum mechanics uses “probability wave superposition and single-electron self-interference” to explain electron single-slit and double-slit diffraction. This theory deviates from the essential nature of real particle interactions and has fundamental logical flaws. The electron is a negatively charged real particle with a definite physical size and high-frequency transverse oscillation; a single real particle has no physical basis for self-interference. Abandoning the abstract probability wave hypothesis, this paper establishes a complete real-interaction model including electrostatic repulsion deflection, surface electron exchange, collision scattering, microscopic refraction, and barrier diffraction, based on the three-dimensional random transverse oscillation and charge repulsion of electrons. The model uniformly explains the real formation mechanism of electron single-slit diffraction and double-slit interference fringes. This paper proves that in single-electron sequential emission, each electron passes through only one slit; all bright and dark fringes are the statistical result of multiple microscopic interactions between electrons and slit walls or the central barrier. The disappearance of fringes under observation is caused by external disturbance to the inherent oscillation and wall-interaction equilibrium, not by wave function collapse. This paper further clarifies that whether an electron can pass through a slit is determined by its transverse oscillation amplitude, not by wavelength. Amplitude directly corresponds to slit width and is the core controlling variable of diffraction. Meanwhile, if no slit is placed, electrons flying directly to the screen produce no diffraction or interference fringes, proving that electrons themselves have no self-interference ability. Fringes are generated by slit structures, not by intrinsic wave interference of electrons. This study corrects the century-long misunderstanding of electron diffraction and establishes a new microscopic diffraction mechanism consistent with classical real-particle physics.

•May 30, 2026•0 citations
The diffraction pattern by double slit is studied by incoming Gaus-sian wave packet subjected to scattering interaction with the wall and a truncation assumption when crossing the slits. Explicit results are valid for sufficiently smooth scattering amplitude. They concern large and narrow aperture of the incoming wave packet. For wave packet localized in spatial region smaller then the aperture of the slits there is no diffraction and the particle behaves classically. For wave packet peaked in the momentum probability distribution there are maxima, superimposed to the canonical diffraction pattern, in correspondence to the edges of the slits. Previous similar results are generalized and improved.
Heisenberg's uncertainty principle explains single slit diffraction1 where maximum is always at the centre. The same experiment has been conducted but with transparent walls i.e. the material present on either side of the slit, instead of opaque material. The observed result is a minimum at the centre in between two maximum. It is intuitive that atleast some photons passed through the slit must end up at the centre of the diffraction pattern but the result is different. The diffraction pattern occurs as the photons interact with the material around the slit. While uncertainty principle cannot give quantitative explanation as the photons confined in gap between slits still occupy the same space whether it is passing through a slit or not. This paper discusses various experiments and results by examining the interactions between photons and the material of the wall which makes the slit for better understanding of properties of light.
The mainstream quantum mechanics uses “probability wave superposition and single-electron self-interference” to explain electron single-slit and double-slit diffraction. This theory deviates from the essential nature of real particle interactions and has fundamental logical flaws. The electron is a negatively charged real particle with a definite physical size and high-frequency transverse oscillation; a single real particle has no physical basis for self-interference. Abandoning the abstract probability wave hypothesis, this paper establishes a complete real-interaction model including electrostatic repulsion deflection, surface electron exchange, collision scattering, microscopic refraction, and barrier diffraction, based on the three-dimensional random transverse oscillation and charge repulsion of electrons. The model uniformly explains the real formation mechanism of electron single-slit diffraction and double-slit interference fringes. This paper proves that in single-electron sequential emission, each electron passes through only one slit; all bright and dark fringes are the statistical result of multiple microscopic interactions between electrons and slit walls or the central barrier. The disappearance of fringes under observation is caused by external disturbance to the inherent oscillation and wall-interaction equilibrium, not by wave function collapse. This paper further clarifies that whether an electron can pass through a slit is determined by its transverse oscillation amplitude, not by wavelength. Amplitude directly corresponds to slit width and is the core controlling variable of diffraction. Meanwhile, if no slit is placed, electrons flying directly to the screen produce no diffraction or interference fringes, proving that electrons themselves have no self-interference ability. Fringes are generated by slit structures, not by intrinsic wave interference of electrons. This study corrects the century-long misunderstanding of electron diffraction and establishes a new microscopic diffraction mechanism consistent with classical real-particle physics.