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Journal of Physics Conference Series

Condensate States of Atomic Bose-Fermi Gas Mixtures

C. J. Bolech, J. Clayton Peacock, Aleksandar Ljepoja

Published May 1, 2023• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract We report on the different types of condensates possible in two-component atomic gas mixtures in one dimension involving both bosons and fermions. When the interactions are attractive, we show there is a rich variety of coherent ground-state phases that vary with their intrinsic and relative strength. We avoid any artifacts of lattice discretization by developing a novel implementation of a continuous matrix-product-state ansatz for mixtures that we first show to systematically converge towards exact results for the Lai-Yang-model integrable case.

DOI
10.1088/1742-6596/2494/1/012015

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Abstract We report on the different types of condensates possible in two-component atomic gas mixtures in one dimension involving both bosons and fermions. When the interactions are attractive, we show there is a rich variety of coherent ground-state phases that vary with their intrinsic and relative strength. We avoid any artifacts of lattice discretization by developing a novel implementation of a continuous matrix-product-state ansatz for mixtures that we first show to systematically converge towards exact results for the Lai-Yang-model integrable case.
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Abstract A three-component bosonic mixture is capable of demonstrating a significantly rich phase diagram in comparison with a two-component mixture or a single-component fluid. With experimental studies of multi-component mixtures gaining momentum and comparatively few theoretical efforts, we consider an interacting three-component Bose gas on a lattice and, via a strong coupling expansion of the Bose–Hubbard model, look into a variety of situations, such as the intraspecies and intraspecies interactions being the same and different, attractive and repulsive, etc. A scenario of rich phase diagrams emerges where one species of atoms can be in the superfluid phase while the other two may be in insulating phases. Such a mixed-phase diagram with different species coexisting in different phases is an exciting one: a possibility that can be explored in experiments. Numerical solution of the mean field equations has further demonstrated the occurrence of insulating phases with fractional filling of each species of atoms. Such insulating phases with fractional occupancies are counterintuitive in the context of incompressible phases.
The phase diagrams of low density Fermi-Fermi mixtures with equal or unequal masses and equal or unequal populations are described at zero and finite temperatures in the strong attraction limit. In this limit, the Fermi-Fermi mixture can be described by a weakly interacting Bose-Fermi mixture, where the bosons correspond to Feshbach molecules and the fermions correspond to excess atoms. First, we discuss the three and four fermion scattering processes, and use the exact boson-fermion and boson-boson scattering lengths to generate the phase diagrams in terms of the underlying fermion-fermion scattering length. In three dimensions, in addition to the normal and uniform superfluid phases, we find two stable nonuniform states corresponding to (i) phase separation between pure unpaired (excess) and pure paired fermions (molecular bosons); and (ii) phase separation between pure excess fermions and a mixture of excess fermions and molecular bosons. Lastly, we also discuss the effects of the trapping potential in the density profiles of condensed and noncondensed molecular bosons, and excess fermions at zero and finite temperatures, and discuss possible implications of our findings to experiments involving mixtures of ultracold fermions.