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International Conference on Cryptography, Network Security and Communication Technology (CNSCT)

A provably secure authenticated key exchange protocol based on lattice with stronger anonymity

Yun Song, Songhui Guo, Yeming Yang, Haidong Liu

Published May 12, 2023• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Stronger anonymity password authentication key exchange protocols based on traditional cryptography are not resistant to quantum computing attacks, and there is no lattice-only anonymous password authentication key exchange protocol protocol that satisfies the strong anonymity requirement. Therefore, this paper constructs stronger anonymity PAKE protocol based on the ring learning with errors (RLWE) and smooth projective hash function (SPHF) based on ideal lattice. The proposed protocol can achieve stronger anonymity and resists to desynchronization attacks and quantum attack. The security of the protocol is proved under the BPR model. The security and performance analysis shows that the proposed PAKE protocol has better advantages in security and efficiency.

DOI
10.1117/12.2679295

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Stronger anonymity password authentication key exchange protocols based on traditional cryptography are not resistant to quantum computing attacks, and there is no lattice-only anonymous password authentication key exchange protocol protocol that satisfies the strong anonymity requirement. Therefore, this paper constructs stronger anonymity PAKE protocol based on the ring learning with errors (RLWE) and smooth projective hash function (SPHF) based on ideal lattice. The proposed protocol can achieve stronger anonymity and resists to desynchronization attacks and quantum attack. The security of the protocol is proved under the BPR model. The security and performance analysis shows that the proposed PAKE protocol has better advantages in security and efficiency.
As the security of password authenticated key exchange protocols based on traditional public key cryptosystems is threatened by quantum computing, the research on password authenticated key exchange protocols that can resist quantum computing attacks has become a hot spot of current research. At present, the anonymity of anonymous PAKE protocol is generally linkable, and cannot completely protect the user’s identity privacy information. This paper proposes a two-party password authenticated key exchange protocol with anonymity based on SPHF from ideal lattice, and gives a strict security proofunder the BPR model. The security and performance analysis proves that the proposed protocol has good advantages in communication costs and security.
An approximate smooth projective hash(ASPH) function is an important primitive of the lattice-based cryptography,and it is used to construct password-based authenticated key exchange(PAKE) protocol which is resistant to quantum attacks by Katz et al.The available ASPH function based on the hardness of the standard lattice problem has a large key size and impractical implementations.Based on learning with error problem from ideal lattices(R-LWE),this paper designs a new public-key encryption scheme and an associated ASPH function that can apply to PAKE protocol,and gives a proof of its security.Compared with the existing system,the new system has a small key size,fast computing speed and high efficiency.
A three-party authenticated key exchange protocol enables two entities to agree on a session key with the help of a dedicated server over public channel. Shor’s algorithm is a big threat for existing authenticated key exchange protocols. Lattice based cryptography plays a very important role in designing authentication and key agreement secure against the threat of quantum attacks. However, it is not easy job to design quantum resistant password based three party protocol due to the high demand for security requirements and the limited resources nature of mobile devices. In this article, we have proposed a new post quantum three party key exchange based on ring learning with errors assumption. This protocol is motivated from Islam et al.’s authenticated key exchange protocol. Their protocol is not secure against stolen smartcard attack, password guessing attack, and can’t provide user anonymity. The anonymous communication is a big requirement for practical applications like e-healthcare services/smart vehicular communication. This paper also contains the performance analysis of the proposed protocol along with other relevant protocols.
Password authentication is a prevalent method of user verification across the Internet, and its use extends to scenarios where resources are limited. However, current password authentication protocols primarily rely on traditional password authenticated key exchange (PAKE) protocols (e.g., SRP, OPAQUE), which are vulnerable to attacks by quantum adversaries. To date, no efficient quantum algorithm has been found to solve the common challenges in lattice-based cryptography. Therefore, quantum-resistant PAKE protocols are generally built upon lattice-based cryptography. In this work, we propose a threshold verifiable oblivious pseudorandom function () protocol based on secret sharing. We then integrate it into a PAKE protocol and present an instantiation of a quantum-safe threshold PAKE protocol () based on the Ring Learning with Errors (RLWE) assumption. This integration gives our PAKE protocol resistance to precomputation attacks, similar to OPAQUE. Furthermore, by incorporating thresholding techniques into the PAKE protocol, we mitigate the risk of single points of failure on the server side. Our protocol not only preserves the security guarantees of traditional PAKE schemes but also resists attacks from quantum adversaries. We also provide a comprehensive security analysis and evaluation of, providing valuable insights for its practical implementation.
A three-party authenticated key exchange protocol enables two entities to agree on a session key with the help of a dedicated server through an insecure channel. Lattice based cryptography plays a very important role in authentication and key exchanges that protects against the threat of quantum attacks. However, it is not easy to design quantum resistant password based three-party protocol due to the high demand for security requirements and the limited resources nature of mobile devices. In this article, we have proposed a new post quantum three party key exchange based on a variant of lattice assumption, the ring learning errors. The protocol ensures security against impersonation attack, stolen smartcard attack, password guessing attack, and other existing attacks. In authentication phase, the protocol have used lattice based cryptography that plays a very important role in authentication and key exchanges that protects against the threat of quantum attacks. The proposed protocol ensures both securities against quantum attacks and efficiency due to simple algebraic operations that are polynomial addition and multiplications.
Password-based authenticated key exchange (PAKE) allows participants sharing low-entropy passwords to agree on cryptographically strong session keys over insecure networks. In this paper, we present two PAKE protocols from lattices in the two-party and three-party settings, respectively, which can resist quantum attacks and achieve mutual authentication. The protocols in this paper achieve two rounds of communication by carefully utilizing the splittable properties of the underlying primitive, a CCA (Chosen-Ciphertext Attack)-secure public key encryption (PKE) scheme with associated nonadaptive approximate smooth projection hash (NA-ASPH) system. Compared with other related protocols, the proposed two-round PAKE protocols have relatively less communication and computation overhead. In particular, the two-round 3PAKE is more practical in large-scale communication systems.