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Elsevier eBooks

Nonlinear optics for ultrafast single-photon detection

Mario Agio, Duncan G. England, Assegid M. Flatae, Amr Farrag, Abdul-Hamid Fattah

Published Jan 1, 2023• 3 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/b978-0-32-398384-6.00021-8

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Ultrafast quantum optics with time-frequency entangled photons is at the forefront of progress towards future quantum technologies. However, to unravel the time domain structure of entangled photons and exploit fully their rich dimensionality, a single-photon detector with sub-picosecond temporal resolution is required. Here, we present ultrafast single-photon detection using an optical Kerr gate composed of a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) placed inside a Sagnac interferometer. A near-rectangle temporal waveform of a heralded single-photon generated via spontaneous parametric down-conversion is measured with temporal resolution as high as 224 ± 9 fs. The large nonlinearity and long effective interaction length of the PCF enables maximum detection efficiency to be achieved with only 30.5 mW gating pulse average power, demonstrating an order-of-magnitude improvement compared to optical gating with sum-frequency generation. Also, we discuss the trade-off relationship between detection efficiency and temporal resolution.
The generation and efficient detection of ultrafast single photons is at the forefront of modern optical science, and it offers an unprecedented set of capabilities, for instance, in the area of quantum information science, high-sensitivity detection, and remote sensing [1] - [3] . In addition, it provides a powerful analysis tool in the life sciences at the single-molecule level [4] . The detection of single photons is currently restricted by the limited time resolution (a few picoseconds) of the available single-photon detectors.