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The Intersections Based on Joint Observables In Fuzzy Probability

Murat Ozcek

Published Jan 1, 2023• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

“Fuzzy probability theory” appeared as a smooth extension of classical probability theory in 1995. It was expected that it will be of great importance in quantum mechanics, but the theory doesn’t keep its development as it was expected. This necessitates revising some of its fundamental basic concepts. We argue that if quantum probability theory should have less constrained than classical probability theory as can be seen in the case of joint random variables, we surely need to weaken the definition of the intersection operation. In this paper, discuss the definition validity in quantum probability theory and to discuss the consistency of the given definitions with the whole theory and the possibility to have a more suitable definition.

DOI
10.54216/gjmsa.050203

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“Fuzzy probability theory” appeared as a smooth extension of classical probability theory in 1995. It was expected that it will be of great importance in quantum mechanics, but the theory doesn’t keep its development as it was expected. This necessitates revising some of its fundamental basic concepts. We argue that if quantum probability theory should have less constrained than classical probability theory as can be seen in the case of joint random variables, we surely need to weaken the definition of the intersection operation. In this paper, discuss the definition validity in quantum probability theory and to discuss the consistency of the given definitions with the whole theory and the possibility to have a more suitable definition.
“Fuzzy probability theory” appeared as a smooth extension of classical probability theory in 1995. It was expected that it will be of great importance in quantum mechanics, but the theory doesn’t keep its development as it was expected. This necessitates revising some of its fundamental basic concepts. We argue that if quantum probability theory should have less constrains than classical probability theory as can be seen in the case of joint random variables, we surely need to weaken the definition of the intersection operation. We will try to discuss the definition validity in quantum probability theory and to discuss the consistency of the given definitions with the whole theory and the possibility to have a more suitable definition. ظهرت نظرية الاحتمالات الفازية العملية عام 1995 كتوسعة سَلِسة لنظرية الاحتمالات التقليدية، و كان من المتوقع أن يكون للنظرية أهمية كبيرة في تطور ميكانيكا الكم. و لكن النظرية لم تتطور كما كان متوقعا، لذا كانت الحاجة ماسة لمراجعة الأسس الأولية للنظرية. في هذا البحث نجد أن الترابط الكبير بين عملية التقاطع و مفهوم المتغيرات العشوائية المرتبطة يتطلب منا توسعة مفهوم عملية التقاطع، لذا سوف ندرس مدى فاعلية تعريف عملية التقاطع في ميكانيكا الكم، و مدى اتساق هذا التعريف مع النظرية، و مناقشة إمكانية وجود حلول بديلة.
Quantum theory does not provide a unique definition for the joint probability of two noncommuting observables, which is the next important question after the Born's probability for a single observable. Instead, various definitions were suggested, e.g., via quasiprobabilities or via hidden-variable theories. After reviewing open issues of the joint probability, we relate it to quantum imprecise probabilities, which are noncontextual and are consistent with all constraints expected from a quantum probability. We study two noncommuting observables in a two-dimensional Hilbert space and show that there is no precise joint probability that applies for any quantum state and is consistent with imprecise probabilities. This contrasts with theorems by Bell and Kochen-Specker that exclude joint probabilities for more than two noncommuting observables, in Hilbert space with dimension larger than two. If measurement contexts are included into the definition, joint probabilities are not excluded anymore, but they are still constrained by imprecise probabilities.
A comparison of structural features of quantum and classical physical theories, such as the information capacity of systems subject to these theories, requires a common formal framework for the presentation of corresponding concepts (such as states, observables, probability, entropy). Such a framework is provided by the notion of statistical model developed in the convexity approach to statistical physical theories. Here we use statistical models to classify and survey all possible types of embedding and extension of quantum probabilistic theories subject to certain reasonable constraints. It will be shown that the so-called canonical classical extension of quantum mechanics is essentially the only `good' representation of the quantum statistical model in a classical framework. All quantum observables are thus identified as fuzzy classical random variables.
New scientific theories have been and will always be required for the progress of science. Two examples of new theories that were advanced in the 20th century are quantum mechanics and fuzzy set theory. Both deal with the concept of uncertainty and both use mathematical tools that are essentially different from those used in classical probability theory. In both, the introduction of new concepts (theoretical terms) was necessary because phenomena and processes observed in the real world could not be explained with existing mathematical concepts. This paper examines the possibilities of (re)interpreting uncertainty in quantum mechanics with the aid of fuzzy sets and systems
A rigorous general definition of quantum probability is given, which is valid not only for elementary events but also for composite events, for operationally testable measurements as well as for inconclusive measurements, and also for non-commuting observables in addition to commutative observables. Our proposed definition of quantum probability makes it possible to describe quantum measurements and quantum decision-making on the same common mathematical footing. Conditions are formulated for the case when quantum decision theory reduces to its classical counterpart and for the situation where the use of quantum decision theory is necessary.