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The Review of Laser Engineering

Quantum Information Processing Using Electromagnetically Induced Transparency

Kouichi ICHIMURA

Published Jan 1, 2003• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is one of the simplest and most fundamental of schemes to control the quantum-mechanical properties of matter and light, such as the superposition of states, entanglement, and quantum interference, by using light, the nature of which is considerably known. EIT can be employed to realize quantum information processing in applications such as optical quantum logic gates, quantum memories, and quantum computers.

DOI
10.2184/lsj.31.605

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Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is one of the simplest and most fundamental of schemes to control the quantum-mechanical properties of matter and light, such as the superposition of states, entanglement, and quantum interference, by using light, the nature of which is considerably known. EIT can be employed to realize quantum information processing in applications such as optical quantum logic gates, quantum memories, and quantum computers.
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Summary form only given. Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) refers to a phenomenon, whereby the optically resonant transition is rendered nearly transparent by applying a strong coupling laser field. The mechanism of EIT is usually explained in terms of quantum coherence or quantum interference. This EIT has attracted increasing interest because absorption associated with nonlinear optical processes can be removed. In the typical three-level /spl lambda/-system, which includes the ground state and the metastable state, when the atomic population is prepared in the superposition of the states by the coupling fields, the optical response of the media to the probe field is significantly modified. Since this is a coherent control of an electric field by another field via the atomic coherence, several schemes to control light coherently have been suggested. We propose an optical coherent control scheme of the polarization of optical pulses using the EIT quantum coherence, and numerically study its applicability to fast optical switching.
A high-storage efficiency and long-live quantum memory for photons is an essential component for the information processing in long-distance quantum communication and optical quantum computation. We demonstrated a 78% storage efficiency (SE) of coherent light pulses with a cold atomic medium based on the effect of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). We also obtained a large fractional delay of 74 at 50% SE, which is the best record to date. The measured fidelity of the memory is better than 90%. The results suggest the EIT light-matter interface can be readily applied to single-photon quantum states. Our work greatly advances the technology of EIT-based quantum memory for the practical quantum information applications.
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is a promising approach to implement quantum memory in quantum communication and quantum computing applications. In this paper, following a brief overview of the main approaches to quantum memory, we provide details of the physical principle and theory of quantum memory based specifically on EIT. We discuss the key technologies for implementing quantum memory based on EIT and review important milestones, from the first experimental demonstration to current applications in quantum information systems.
This PhD project contributes to a research field that aims to understand and extend the limits of how well quantum states of matter and optical fields can be prepared, controlled and detected. Central to this PhD research was the question whether an effect known as Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) can be realized with electron spins in a semiconductor. EIT forms the basis of many quantum-optical control schemes that use long-lived spin states. EIT can occur when two optical fields each drive a transition from one of two spin states to the same excited state. The application scenario is that information can be swapped between optical signal pulses and a memory function in matter, in a way that allows for processing the information in a quantum mechanical manner. Such quantum mechanical processing of information may lead to safer communication in optical fiber networks. A key result of this PhD project is the successful demonstration of EIT in the semiconductor material GaAs. The project used the spin of electrons that are located at donor atoms in the material. The thesis also reports on experiments that provide the foundation for this result, as well as on experiments that explore the limitations and possible improvements of the EIT effect in this material. This includes spectroscopy of the optical transitions of the donor atoms, studies of interactions between the spin of the donor electron and its semiconductor environment, and the design and development of unique instrumentation that was required for the research.