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Lecture notes in electrical engineering

A Strong Security Key Agreement Scheme for Underwater Acoustic Networks

Jinlong Wang, Shuai Zhang, Peijian Luo, Xinwei Zhao

Published Jan 1, 2023• 1 citation
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/978-981-99-2287-1_94

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In order to cope with the problem of how to agree on a covert secret key with high reliability and strong secrecy among an arbitrary number of legitimate nodes in underwater acoustic channel (UAC), a Covert Secret key agreement scheme based on underwater acoustics dynamic hypergraph called CSDH is proposed. The CSDH scheme is novel in three aspects. First, we utilize attention mechanism for extracting the feature of node in UAC and construct a dynamic hypergraph model by its characteristics, which has less storage space and lower computational complexity. Second, we design a spatio-temporal hypergraph convolution method based on the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of UAC in which the number of the nodes is arbitrary, the hyperedge is dynamic, and each hyperedge can encompass an arbitrary number of nodes. Third, we utilize covert communication and polar coding to construct high-entropy bit indices set and very high-entropy bit indices set to generate a common covert key among arbitrary number of legitimate nodes to ensure that not only the key is secret but the entire key agreement process remains covert to eavesdroppers. The reliability, uniformity, secrecy, covertness and secrecy capacity of the CSDH scheme are proved by the information theory and hypergraph theory. The simulation results demonstrate the performance of the CSDH scheme is better than that of existing schemes.
With the growing use of underwater acoustic communications and the recent adoption of standards in this field, it is becoming increasingly important to secure messages against eavesdroppers. In this paper, we focus on a physical-layer security solution to generate sequences of random bits (keys) between two devices (Alice and Bob) belonging to an underwater acoustic network (UWAN); the key must remain secret to a passive eavesdropper (Eve) not belonging to the UWAN. Our method is based on measuring the propagation delay of the underwater acoustic channel over multiple hops of the UWAN: this harvests the randomness in the UWAN topology and turns the slow sound propagation in water into an advantage against eavesdropping. Our key generation protocol includes a route discovery handshake, whereby all UWAN devices at intermediate hops accumulate their message processing delays. This enables Alice and Bob to compute the actual propagation delays along each route and to map such information to a sequence of bits. Finally, from these bit sequences, Alice and Bob obtain a secret key. We analyze the performance of the protocol theoretically and assess it via extensive simulations and field experiments.
With the increasing emphasis on safeguarding maritime sovereignty and developing marine resources, the security of underwater acoustic communication has risen to a new level of importance. Given the complex environmental challenges faced by underwater acoustic channels, this paper proposes an NTRU-based key encapsulation scheme designed to ensure secure and reliable underwater data transmission, while maintaining privacy and integrity. In the public–private key pair generation phase, a ring sampling technique is employed to generate a compact NTRU trapdoor, which not only guarantees security but also effectively reduces the communication overhead. During the encapsulation phase, underwater acoustic channel characteristics during communication are introduced as temporary identity information to ensure the confidentiality and reliability of the key encapsulation mechanism. Furthermore, the traditional key encapsulation mechanism is extended by integrating a digital signature process, where the encapsulated ciphertext is signed. The use of digital signature technology verifies the authenticity and integrity of the transmitted data, ensuring that communication data remain secure and unaltered in complex underwater acoustic environments. Finally, we conduct a rigorous correctness analysis and security proofs, demonstrating that the proposed scheme achieves chosen ciphertext security, while meeting the demands of low bandwidth and limited computational capacity in underwater acoustic communication.