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International Journal of Theoretical Physics

Mutual Trust Evaluation Model in Quantum Distributed Communication Network

Jun Sun, Dongzhao Zhu, Frank Yunqing Guan, Guoxiao Lu, Yi Jiang, Yingsheng Zhu, Zhifeng Zhang, Jin Qian

Published Apr 22, 2023• 1 citation
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s10773-023-05347-3

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Trust is the premise and foundation of secure communication, no matter in the quantum communication or classical communication. In fact, the existing quantum secure communication protocols and technologies are implicitly related to trust; or assume some trust premise in advance; or create or obtain a trust relationship. This paper studies on quantum trust model using node trust evaluation based on author's own research achievements. We introduce the trust management into quantum communication network to build secure trusted quantum communication network based on evaluating the trust values of nodes, which are used to evaluate the reliability of each user. We put forward a scheme of quantum trust model based on node trust evaluation, and describe the thought and process of trust evaluation in detail based on the principles of quantum entanglement and quantum teleportation. We analyze the feasibility and safety of this scheme, which provides a new thinking and method for establishing a credible secure quantum communication network.
Traditional methods for user identity authentication in quantum communication networks require the involvement of trusted or semi-trusted third parties, leading to cumbersome procedures and security vulnerabilities. This paper proposes a quantum identity trust evaluation model independent of trusted third parties. Within the quantum communication network environment, we conduct a detailed study and present a model for evaluating user identity trust using quantum states transmitted through the network. This model effectively prevents repudiation, deception, and eavesdropping by network users, ensuring traceability, fairness, and impartiality in the user identity trust evaluation process.
5G made a significant jump in cellular network security by offering enhanced subscriber identity protection and a user-network mutual authentication implementation. However, it still does not fully follow the zero-trust (ZT) requirements, as users need to trust the network, 5G network is not necessarily authenticated in each communication instance, and there is no mutual authentication between end users. When critical communications need to use commercial networks, but the environment is ZT, specific security architecture is needed to provide security services that do not rely on any 5G network trusted authority. In this paper, we propose SCC5G Secure Critical-mission Communication over a 5G network in ZT setting. SCC5G is a post-quantum cryptography (PQC) security solution that loads an embedded hardware root of authentication (HRA), such as physically unclonable functions (PUF), into the users' devices, to achieve tamper-resistant and unclonability features for authentication and key agreement. We evaluate the performance of the proposed architecture through an exhaustive simulation of a 5G network in an ns-3 network simulator. Results verify the scalability and efficiency of SCC5G by showing that it poses only a few kilobytes of traffic overhead and adds only an order of O(0.1) second of latency under the normal traffic load.