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Communications on Pure &amp Applied Analysis

On three-component Gross-Pitaevskii equations in the spinor Bose-Einstein condensates with trapping potentials

Zhi-You Chen, Yu-Jen Huang, Yong-Li Tang

Published Jan 1, 2023• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We are concerned with the three-component generalized Gross-Pitaevskii Equations (GGPE) in the spinor Bose-Einstein condensates with trapping potentials. Under certain conditions on trapping potentials and parameters, we establish the existence and uniqueness of corresponding standing wave solutions with behaviors tending to zero at infinity. The same issues for the corresponding Dirichlet boundary value problems on the ball centered at the origin are also concluded. Additionally, we provide a classification of various types of solutions to radially symmetric situations.

DOI
10.3934/cpaa.2023056

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We are concerned with the three-component generalized Gross-Pitaevskii Equations (GGPE) in the spinor Bose-Einstein condensates with trapping potentials. Under certain conditions on trapping potentials and parameters, we establish the existence and uniqueness of corresponding standing wave solutions with behaviors tending to zero at infinity. The same issues for the corresponding Dirichlet boundary value problems on the ball centered at the origin are also concluded. Additionally, we provide a classification of various types of solutions to radially symmetric situations.
Abstract Introducing P T -symmetric generalized Scarf-II potentials into the three-coupled nonlinear Gross–Pitaevskii equations offers a new way to seek stable soliton states in quasi-one-dimensional spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensates. In scenarios where the spin-independent parameter c 0 and the spin-dependent parameter c 2 vary, we use both analytical and numerical methods to investigate the three-coupled nonlinear Gross–Pitaevskii equations with P T -symmetric generalized Scarf-II potentials. We obtain analytical soliton states and find that simply modulating c 2 may change the analytical soliton states from unstable to stable. Additionally, we obtain numerically stable double-hump soliton states propagating in the form of periodic oscillations, exhibiting distinct behavior in energy exchange. For further investigation, we discuss the interaction of numerical double-hump solitons with Gaussian solitons and observe the transfer of energy among the three components. These findings may contribute to a deeper understanding of solitons in Bose–Einstein condensates with P T -symmetric potentials and may hold significance for both theoretical understanding and experimental design in related physics experiments.
The main aim of this paper is to study the bifurcation solutions associated with the spinor Bose-Einstein condensates. Based on the Principle of Hamilton Dynamics and the Principle of Lagrangian Dynamics, a general pattern formation equation for the spinor Bose-Einstein condensates is established. Moreover, three kinds of critical conditions for eigenvalues are obtained under spectrum analysis and the different external confining potentials. With the change of different external potentials, the different topological structures of bifurcation solutions for the spinor Bose-Einstein condensates system are derived from steady state bifurcation theory.
We report new types of matter rogue waves of a spinor (three-component) model of the Bose-Einstein condensate governed by a system of three nonlinearly coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equations. The exact first-order rational solutions containing one free parameter are obtained by means of a Darboux transformation for the integrable system where the mean-field interaction is attractive and the spin-exchange interaction is ferromagnetic. For different choices of the parameter, there exists a variety of different shaped solutions including two peaks in bright rogue waves and four dips in dark rogue waves. Furthermore, by utilizing the relation between the three-component and the one-component versions of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation, we can devise higher-order rational solutions, in which three components have different shapes. In addition, it is noteworthy that dark rogue wave features disappear in the third-order rational solution.