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NTT technical review

Secure Optical-transport-network Technology in Anticipation of the Quantum Computer Era

Keizo Murakami, Atsushi Taniguchi, Fumiaki Kudo, Chikara Sakae, Yutaro Kiyomura, Akio Mukaiyama, Yusuke Iijima, Yasuhiro Mochida, Yasuyuki Sanari, Naohiro Kimura

Published Apr 1, 2023• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In the January 2022 issue of NTT Technical Review, we introduced the secure optical transport network for enabling secure optical transport even in the era of quantum computers.In this article, two concepts, cryptographic agility and Multi-Factor Security, which are key factors in the transition from current cryptographic techniques to quantum-resistant cryptographic techniques and need to be considered in the era of quantum computers, are explained, and our efforts to incorporate these concepts into secure optical transport networks (i.e., elastic-key-control technology and disaggregation technology for cryptographic processing) are introduced.

DOI
10.53829/ntr202304fa8

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In the January 2022 issue of NTT Technical Review, we introduced the secure optical transport network for enabling secure optical transport even in the era of quantum computers.In this article, two concepts, cryptographic agility and Multi-Factor Security, which are key factors in the transition from current cryptographic techniques to quantum-resistant cryptographic techniques and need to be considered in the era of quantum computers, are explained, and our efforts to incorporate these concepts into secure optical transport networks (i.e., elastic-key-control technology and disaggregation technology for cryptographic processing) are introduced.
The implementation of an optical transport network, especially between datacenters, has been progressing.Similar to the Internet, communications on the optical transport network are protected by public-key cryptography and symmetric-key cryptography, but there are concerns that advances in the research and development of quantum computers will pose a risk to current cryptographic systems, public-key cryptography and key exchange in particular.In response to this problem, researchers at NTT Social Informatics Laboratories and NTT Network Innovation Laboratories are engaged in the research and development of safe key-exchange schemes to counter the cryptographic risks posed by quantum computers.They are also engaged in architecture design and tests with actual equipment with the aim of applying such key-exchange schemes to the optical transport network.
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In an era of unprecedented technological advancement, the rise of quantum computing poses both opportunities and challenges to network security. While quantum computers promise to revolutionize data processing and problem-solving, they also render traditional cryptographic protocols vulnerable, threatening the integrity of current network security systems. Quantum cryptography, particularly quantum key distribution (QKD), emerges as a groundbreaking solution, leveraging the principles of quantum mechanics to ensure unparalleled data security. Unlike classical methods, QKD guarantees secure communication by detecting eavesdropping attempts, as any observation of quantum states disrupts their integrity. This paper explores the pivotal role of quantum cryptography in shaping future network security protocols amidst a landscape of increasing cyber threats. It provides a comprehensive analysis of QKD systems, their integration into existing infrastructure, and their resilience against potential quantum-based attacks. The discussion includes real-world implementations, such as satellite-based QKD networks and fiber-optic quantum communication systems, illustrating their practical viability and scalability. Furthermore, the paper addresses current challenges, including cost, technical complexity, and interoperability with classical networks, offering insights into ongoing research aimed at overcoming these hurdles. As global reliance on digital infrastructure grows, the transition to quantum-resilient security frameworks becomes imperative. Policymakers, industry leaders, and technology developers must collaborate to advance quantum cryptographic technologies and ensure their accessibility. By securing communication channels against both classical and quantum threats, quantum cryptography is positioned to redefine the foundations of network security, paving the way for a more secure and interconnected digital future.
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Quantum computing is set to revolutionize the field of cryptography, posing a significant threat to the security of current public key cryptography systems. This article explores the challenges posed by quantum computing to existing cryptographic algorithms and presents the latest advancements in quantum-resistant algorithms. By examining post-quantum cryptography (PQC) techniques, including lattice-based, hash-based, and code-based cryptographic algorithms, this paper discusses their potential to provide secure communication in the quantum era. Furthermore, the article reviews the progress made in the standardization of quantum-resistant algorithms and highlights the future directions for ensuring the robustness of public key cryptography in the face of quantum advancements.