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Atoms

Rydberg Interaction-Induced Distortion of the Autler–Townes Spectra in Cold Lithium Atoms

Sergey A. Saakyan, Nikita Morozov, Vladimir A. Sautenkov, Boris B. Zelener

Published Apr 13, 2023• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this article, effects of the strong long-range interaction of Rydberg atoms on the Autler–Townes splitting spectrum are investigated. Preliminary results are obtained for various excitation times and Rydberg atom densities. The 2S1/2 and 2P1/2 levels of lithium-7 are coupled with strong laser field and probed by another laser via excitation into a 70S Rydberg level. Interactions between Rydberg atoms excited by the probe beam lead to the broadening of the Autler–Townes spectra. At high concentrations of Rydberg atoms, a suppression of the excitation of the Autler–Townes peak at red detuning is observed.

DOI
10.3390/atoms11040073

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In this article, effects of the strong long-range interaction of Rydberg atoms on the Autler–Townes splitting spectrum are investigated. Preliminary results are obtained for various excitation times and Rydberg atom densities. The 2S1/2 and 2P1/2 levels of lithium-7 are coupled with strong laser field and probed by another laser via excitation into a 70S Rydberg level. Interactions between Rydberg atoms excited by the probe beam lead to the broadening of the Autler–Townes spectra. At high concentrations of Rydberg atoms, a suppression of the excitation of the Autler–Townes peak at red detuning is observed.
Abstract We demonstrate the effect of inter-atomic interaction in highly excited Rydberg atoms via Autler–Townes (AT) splitting in cold atoms. We measure the AT splitting of the { 5 S 1 / 2 , F = 2 } → { 5 P 3 / 2 , F ′ = 3 } transition of 87Rb atoms arising due to the strong coupling of the transition via the cooling beams used for the magneto-optical trap (MOT). The AT splitting is probed using a weakly coupled transition from { 5 P 3 / 2 , F ′ = 3 } state to highly excited Rydberg states for a wide range of principal quantum numbers ( n = 35 − 117 ) . We observe the AT splitting via trap-loss spectroscopy in the MOT by scanning the probe frequency. We observe a drastic increase in the broadening of the AT splitting signal as a result of interaction-induced dephasing effect in cold Rydberg atoms for highly excited Rydberg states with principal quantum number n > 100. We explain our observations using theoretical modeling and numerical simulations based on the Lindblad Master equation. We find a good agreement of the results of the numerical simulation with the experimental measurements.
We demonstrate the three-photon Autler-Townes (AT) spectroscopy in a cold cesium Rydberg four-level atom by detecting the field ionized Rydberg population. The ground state |6S1/2〉, two intermediate states |6P3/2〉 and |7S1/2〉 and Rydberg state |60P3/2〉 form a cascade four-level atomic system. The three-photon AT spectra and AT splittings are characterized by the Rabi frequency Ω852 and Ω1470 and detuning δ852 of the coupling lasers. Due to the interaction of two coupling lasers with the atoms, the AT spectrum has three peaks denoted with the letters A, B and C. Positions of the peaks and relative AT splittings, γAB and γBC, strongly depend on two coupling lasers. The dependence of the AT splitting, γAB and γBC, on the coupling laser detuning, δ852, and Rabi frequency, Ω852 and Ω1470 are investigated. It is found that the AT splitting γAB mainly comes from the first photon coupling, whereas the γBC mainly comes from the second photon coupling with the atom. The three-photon AT spectra and relevant AT splittings are simulated with the four-level density matrix equation and show good agreement with the theoretical simulations considering the spectral line broadening. Our work is of great significance both for further understanding the interaction between the laser and the atom, and for the application of the Rydberg atom based field measurement.
We study the effects of Rydberg-atom interactions on Autler-Townes (AT) spectra in a dense gas of ultracold cesium atoms. The 6S1/26{S}_{1/2}6S1/2​ and 6P3/26{P}_{3/2}6P3/2​ levels of cesium are strongly coupled (Rabi frequency ${\ensuremath{\Omega}}_{c})$, and the resultant AT spectra are probed via excitation into a Rydberg level. Van der Waals interactions between the atoms in the probe Rydberg level give rise to a dephasing rate $({\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{3})$. The interaction-induced dephasing is found to cause characteristic changes in the AT spectra, including a reduction or elimination of the AT splitting, an increase in the critical ${\ensuremath{\Omega}}_{c}$ above which AT splitting occurs, and an increase in the width of the AT spectral lines. Rydberg-atom interactions are controlled by varying the principal quantum number nnn of the probe Rydberg level; larger values of nnn correspond to higher dephasing rates ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{3}$. Results of numerical calculations are in good agreement with the experiments.
We study nonlinear optical effects in the laser excitation of Rydberg states. 5S1/2{5S}_{1/2}5S1/2​ and 5P3/2{5P}_{3/2}5P3/2​ levels of 85Rb{}^{85}\mathrm{Rb}85Rb are coupled by a strong laser field and probed by a weak laser tuned to the ${5P}_{3/2}\ensuremath{-}44D$ Rydberg resonance. We observe high contrast Autler-Townes spectra which are dependent on the pump polarization, intensity, and detuning. The observed behavior agrees with calculations, which include the effect of optical pumping.
Autler-Townes (AT) splitting is observed in ultracold cesium Rydberg gases. Frequency and power of the laser field coupling 6S6S6S1/2{}_{1/2}1/2​ and 6P6P6P3/2{}_{3/2}3/2​ levels are tuned to influence the population redistribution of 6P6P6P3/2{}_{3/2}3/2​ and nSnSnS levels excited by another light. The profile of AT spectroscopy is measured experimentally and compared with the theoretical simulation considering the estimated large dephasing rates caused by interaction between Rydberg atoms, which demonstrates that splitting and profile of AT spectra are strongly dependent on the interaction between Rydberg atoms. Rabi frequency of the coupling laser and transition dipole moment of 6S6S6S${}_{1/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}$ 6P6P6P3/2{}_{3/2}3/2​ are deduced via fitting the measured space variation of two splitting peaks, which is consistent with theoretical calculations.
We present a combined experimental and theoretical study of the effects of Rydberg interactions on Autler-Townes spectra of ultracold gases of atomic strontium. Realizing two-photon Rydberg excitation via a long-lived triplet state allows us to probe the regime where Rydberg state decay presents the dominant decoherence mechanism. The effects of Rydberg interactions are observed in shifts, asymmetries, and broadening of the measured atom-loss spectra. The experiment is analyzed within a one-body density-matrix approach, accounting for interaction-induced level shifts and dephasing through nonlinear terms that approximately incorporate correlations due to the Rydberg blockade. This description yields good agreement with our experimental observations for short excitation times. For longer excitation times, the loss spectrum is altered qualitatively, suggesting additional dephasing mechanisms beyond the standard blockade mechanism based on pure van der Waals interactions.