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Physical Review A

Optical-mode hyperconversion in the bad-cavity regime

Jiahua Li, Ying Wu

Published Apr 13, 2023• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The ability to convert photons between different electromagnetic modes with low intensity has the potential application in future information technologies. Here, we explore optical-mode-conversion characteristics in a bimodal cavity coupled to a pair of two-level atoms instead of a single atom using experimentally realistic parameters. In our scheme, the two cavity modes, involving a vertically ($V$-) polarized mode and a horizontally ($H$-) polarized mode, are not directly coupled to each other owing to their orthogonal polarizations and the $V$-polarized mode is coherently excited by an external weak pump laser. Via analytical calculations and numerical simulations, we find that optical hyperconversion phenomenon from the $V$-polarized mode to the $H$-polarized mode can be realized in the bad-cavity regime, which is reminiscent of optical hyperradiance introduced in the previous studies. We also provide an approximate analysis which gains deeper understanding into the fundamental reason behind this behavior. Furthermore, we identify the parameter ranges for generating optical-mode subconversion, superconversion, and hyperconversion. The obtained results will deepen the understanding of mode-conversion micromechanisms in the weak-coupling multiatom cavity architectures.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.107.043705

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The ability to engineer and convert photons between different modes in a solid-state approach has extensive technological implications not only for classical communication systems but also for future quantum networks. In this paper, we put forward a scheme for coherent mode conversion of optical photons by utilizing the intermediate coupling between a single quantum dot and a bimodal photonic crystal microcavity via a waveguide. Here, one mode of the photonic crystal microcavity is coherently driven by an external single-frequency continuous-wave laser field and the two cavity modes are not coupled to each other due to their orthogonal polarizations. The undriven cavity mode is thus not directly coupled to the input driving laser and the only way it can get light is via the quantum dot. The influences of the system parameters on the photon-conversion efficiency are analyzed in detail in the limit of weak probe field and it is found that high photon-conversion efficiency can be achieved under appropriate conditions. It is shown that the cavity dark mode, which is a superposition of the two optical modes and is decoupled from the quantum dot, can appear in such a hybrid optical system. We discuss the properties of the dark mode and indicate that the formation of the dark mode enables the efficient transfer of optical fields between the two cavity modes.
Abstract We demonstrate theoretically the feasibility of correlated entangled photon-pair generation with vanishing threshold in a bimodal cavity setup that uses a single V-type three level atom pumped by dual incoherent sources and driven by two coherent fields. The photon-pair is shown to be entangled only for low levels of the incoherent pumps and owes its origin solely to the coherent drives. Our results show that the dual incoherent pumping with no coherent drive can lead to amplification of the cavity fields with strong inter-mode antibunching but no entanglement. We analyse our results in terms of an interplay between coherent and incoherent processes involving cavity-dressed states. Both the inter- and intra-mode Hanbury–Brown–Twiss (HBT) functions exhibit temporal oscillations in the strong-coupling cavity QED regime. Our theoretical scheme for the generation of nonclassical and entangled photon pairs may find interesting applications in quantum metrology and quantum information science.
We propose an optical cavity-QED scheme for the deterministic generation of polarization entangled photon pairs that operates with high fidelity even in the bad cavity limit. The scheme is based on the interaction of an excited four-level atom with two empty optical cavity modes via an adiabatic passage process. Monte-Carlo wave function simulations are used to evaluate the fidelity of the cavity-QED source and its entanglement capability in the presence of decoherence. In the bad cavity limit, fidelities close to one are predicted for state-of-the-art experimental parameter values.
We recently reported that the transmitted light from a driven optical cavity containing a single-atom absorber shows strong nonclassical features.1 Also, Savage and Carmichael2 have shown that this single-atom system can be operated in a regime in which the transmitted light has a bimodal photon-counting distribution; as the saturation photon number is increased this bimodality develops into a single-atom version of absorptive optical bistability. We present results for the degree of second-order coherence and the spectrum of the transmitted light in the operating regime at the onset of bimodality. In this regime we can study the onset of low frequency behavior associated with transitions between the local states defined by the peaks of the bimodal distribution. Our results are calculated numerically, using a supercomputer to solve matrix element equations derived in the Fock-state basis. Our numerical approach also allows us to extend our analytical study of nonclassical effects in single-atom cavity-enhanced absorption. Our analytical results are restricted either to the bad-cavity limit1 or to weak driving fields outside this limit. We can now study how the nonclassical effects identified in these analytical calculations are changed by using finite driving fields outside the bad-cavity limit.
We calculate the probe spectrum for multilevel atoms in a damped, weakly driven cavity supporting two degenerate orthogonally polarized modes. One mode is weakly driven by a linearly polarized external field. The atoms, initially prepared in a mF=0{m}_{F}=0mF​=0 hyperfine ground state, couple to the driven mode by making a $\ensuremath{\Delta}{m}_{F}=0$ transition and to the orthogonally polarized mode by making $\ensuremath{\Delta}{m}_{F}=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1$ transitions to other hyperfine sublevels. We compare probe spectra, the intensity of the driven mode, the undriven mode, and the atomic excitation probability as a function of the detuning of the driving laser from the cavity resonance for three- and four-level atomic models. In both cases the spectrum of the driven mode is a vacuum Rabi doublet familiar from the driven, damped Jaynes-Cummings model. The undriven mode spectrum is a triplet with the maximum on resonance for the three-level model while the four-level model has a four-peaked spectrum. We discuss the role of strong coupling to the undriven mode in accounting for the qualitative difference between the models.
The collective behavior of ensembles of atoms has been studied in-depth since the seminal paper of Dicke [R. H. Dicke, Phys. Rev. 93, 99 (1954)], where he demonstrated that a group of emitters in collective states is able to radiate with increased intensity and modified decay rates in particular directions, a phenomenon which he called superradiance. Here, we show that the fundamental setup of two atoms coupled to a single-mode cavity can be distinctly exceeding the free-space superradiant behavior, a phenomenon which we call hyperradiance. The effect is accompanied by strong quantum fluctuations and surprisingly arises for atoms radiating out-of-phase, an alleged non-ideal condition, where one expects subradiance. We are able to explain the onset of hyperradiance in a transparent way by a photon cascade taking place among manifolds of Dicke states with different photon numbers under particular out-of-phase coupling conditions. The theoretical results can be realized with current technology and thus should stimulate future experiments.