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ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes

Software Engineering Challenges for Quantum Computing

Michael Felderer, Davide Taibi, Fabio Palomba, Michael Epping, Malte Lochau, Benjamin Weder

Published Apr 10, 2023• 12 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The First Working Seminar on Quantum Software Engineering (WSQSE 2022) took place on December 15 and 16, 2022 in Innsbruck, Austria. An audience of 33 quantum computing and software engineering researchers and practitioners joined the two-day event. The workshop enabled us to foresee short-term and longterms perspectives of Quantum Software Engineering, as well as a set of requirements, issues, and challenges for architecting, programming, and testing Quantum Software Engineering applications. In this report, we provide the summary of the workshop, by reporting on the structure of the event and the main results coming from the sessions and working groups.

DOI
10.1145/3587062.3587071

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The First Working Seminar on Quantum Software Engineering (WSQSE 2022) took place on December 15 and 16, 2022 in Innsbruck, Austria. An audience of 33 quantum computing and software engineering researchers and practitioners joined the two-day event. The workshop enabled us to foresee short-term and longterms perspectives of Quantum Software Engineering, as well as a set of requirements, issues, and challenges for architecting, programming, and testing Quantum Software Engineering applications. In this report, we provide the summary of the workshop, by reporting on the structure of the event and the main results coming from the sessions and working groups.
Quantum Software Engineering (QSE) focuses on developing cost-effective quantum software for quantum computers. It is a relatively new area of research, with current studies primarily aimed at designing, developing, testing, and maintaining quantum software. Interest in QSE has been steadily increasing; thus, introducing this topic to the ICSE conference audience will further engage young researchers, senior researchers, and practitioners interested in QSE. This technical briefing will introduce quantum computing, followed by the QSE overview. It will then explore QSE in detail from various perspectives, including quantum software requirements engineering, modeling, coding, testing, and debugging. Overall, this technical briefing aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of QSE as well as future research directions.
Quantum software engineering has gained a lot of attention recently. Multiple traditional software engineering events have introduced a quantum software track, or a co-located quantum related workshop or other side event, indicating that quantum software is becoming a popular research topic, with more and more software engineering researchers contributing to its evolution. In this paper, we address software engineering research that aims at solving problems that emerge when quantum programs are used on industry domains. The paper is based on the keynote at the IEEE Symposium on Quantum Software: Quantum Software Engineering 2025, which took place in Helsinki, Finland, Summer of 2025. In particular, we address the state of research in quantum software engineering, its novel aspects as well as its connections to other branches of software engineering. Furthermore, in the light of this research, we also assess the maturity of quantum software engineering in the light of industry expectations.
As we enter the new quantum age, tech giants like IBM, Google, and Microsoft are leading the way. But, there is a major challenge: we need to turn exciting quantum possibilities into real, practical tools. That's where Quantum Software Engineering (QSE) comes in, and it's why "Quantum Software Engineering: The next Evolution (QSE-NE)" workshop is proposed. This workshop is conducted to help guide this change. It aims to highlight the latest ideas in QSE and get people from different fields talking, from university researchers to big tech companies. Our main goals were to share new QSE methods, tools, and studies and to tackle the tough problems we face in developing quantum software. This workshop is all about setting the direction for the future of building quantum software, at a time when it is really crucial. More details can be found at: https://sites.google.com/view/qse-ne/ home.
Despite the increasing interest in quantum computing, the aspect of development to achieve cost-effective and reliable quantum software applications has been slow. One barrier is the software engineering of quantum programs, which can be approached from two directions. On the one hand, many software engineering practices, debugging in particular, are bound to classical computing. On the other hand, quantum programming is closely associated with the phenomena of quantum physics, and consequently, the way we express programs resembles the early days of programming. Moreover, much of the software engineering research today focuses on agile development, where computing cycles are cheap and new software can be rapidly deployed and tested, whereas in the quantum context, executions may consume lots of energy, and test runs may require lots of work to interpret. In this paper, we aim at bridging this gap by starting with the quantum computing workflow and by mapping existing software engineering research to this workflow. Based on the mapping, we then identify directions for software engineering research for quantum computing.
As quantum hardware continues to advance, and as specialized frameworks and languages for quantum systems emerge, Quantum Software Engineering has established itself as a crucial discipline for leveraging today's Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) hardware platforms and enabling practical quantum applications. The International Workshop on Quantum Software Engineering (Q-SE) series has become a leading forum for showcasing the latest developments and findings in Q-SE. We present the contributions and discussions that occurred during the seventh edition of the workshop (Q-SE 2026), which took place during the 48th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE 2026) on April 12, 2026, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The accepted papers covered different levels of quantum software engineering tasks, such as handling new versions of quantum frameworks, verifying runtime behavior of quantum programs, and modeling different aspects of quantum simulation. Additionally, contributions explored the skills demanded by the industry for quantum software testing, approaches to select services for running quantum tasks reliably and economically, and methods to exploit quantum application characteristics to reduce circuit size, depth, and noise.