Many Internet of things application scenarios have the characteristics of limited hardware resources and limited energy supply, which are not suitable for traditional security technology. The security technology based on the physical mechanism has attracted extensive attention. How to improve the key generation rate has always been one of the urgent problems to be solved in the security technology based on the physical mechanism. In this paper, superlattice technology is introduced to the security field of Internet of things, and a high-speed symmetric key generation scheme based on superlattice for Internet of things is proposed. In order to ensure the efficiency and privacy of data transmission, we also combine the superlattice symmetric key and compressive sensing technology to build a lightweight data transmission scheme that supports data compression and data encryption at the same time. Theoretical analysis and experimental evaluation results show that the proposed scheme is superior to the most closely related work.
Many Internet of things application scenarios have the characteristics of limited hardware resources and limited energy supply, which are not suitable for traditional security technology. The security technology based on the physical mechanism has attracted extensive attention. How to improve the key generation rate has always been one of the urgent problems to be solved in the security technology based on the physical mechanism. In this paper, superlattice technology is introduced to the security field of Internet of things, and a high-speed symmetric key generation scheme based on superlattice for Internet of things is proposed. In order to ensure the efficiency and privacy of data transmission, we also combine the superlattice symmetric key and compressive sensing technology to build a lightweight data transmission scheme that supports data compression and data encryption at the same time. Theoretical analysis and experimental evaluation results show that the proposed scheme is superior to the most closely related work.
The rise of the smart grid, which applies the Internet and smart metering technologies to the power system, results in massive, heterogeneous power data and a large number of attacks on the smart grid and causes great threats to the confidentiality and integrity of the power data. At the same time, with the development of quantum information, it is possible to use quantum cryptography to protect data transmission. Aiming at the problem of data security transmission in smart grid, this paper proposes a lightweight transmission scheme for power data security. In the scheme, we combine quantum cryptography with ”one-time pad” mechanism, use a quantum random number generator which compensates the defects of the traditional random number generator and quantum key distribution protocol which ensure the security of key distribution, and design a new lightweight stream cipher encryption algorithm. Through theoretical analysis and experiments, it is proved that the proposed transmission scheme can ensure the security of power data transmission.
Devices in the Internet of Things (IoT) are usually limited in computing resources and energy capacity, which means that encryption schemes with higher complexity are not suitable for them to ensure secure communication. As a promising solution to this problem, physical layer key generation suggests that shared secret keys can be generated from noisy wireless channel measurements to enhance the security of wireless communications. In this article, we propose a key generation scheme with extremely low implementation complexity, which allows physical layer key generation to be implemented on IoT nodes. First, we preprocess the channel measurements with simple moving average filtering before quantization to improve channel reciprocity. Next, a bidirectional difference quantization scheme is proposed to realize reliable quantization of channel measurements, which is ingenious in that the quantization process does not depend on quantization thresholds, and thus, the mismatched key bits caused by measurements close to quantization thresholds can be effectively avoided. Then, we propose an improved Cascade protocol to achieve lightweight and efficient information reconciliation. The simulation results show that our scheme can well balance the reliability and efficiency of key generation, and has excellent performance in terms of implementation complexity and key randomness.
Modern networking technologies involve the interconnection of smart and intelligent physical objects to provide advanced services. These physical objects may be part of various network technologies like WLAN, wireless sensor network (WSN), Internet of Things (IoT), etc., and share data in wireless mode, which should be secured from threats. These physical devices possess many constraints like power, computational complexity and storage, and are required to have lightweight security algorithms. Traditionally, security is achieved by the higher layers of the communication model, which has high computational complexity and consumes more power. In this chapter, a secure-key-generation scheme from physical layer characteristics is introduced as a possible lightweight security alternative to traditional upper-layer security approaches. The proposed scheme is based on the wiretap-channel model and security is achieved by generating keys at both communicating ends independently, based on inherent common-channel characteristics like randomness. It is mainly based on the principle of spatial decorrelation and channel reciprocity for identical carrier frequency. There is no provision for sharing keys as in public-key cryptography, so physical-layer key generation is not vulnerable to threats like key leakage. The generated key at the transmitter encrypts plain text; the generated cipher is transmitted on the common channel and is decrypted at the receiver end using the key generated by the receiver. Key generation consists of fundamental blocks like channel probing and quantization followed by information reconciliation and privacy amplification. The physical-layer key generation is already a power-efficient security solution; this chapter aims to enhance this capacity further. This is done by introducing low-end signal conditioning in the channel-probing step using moving-window averaging. This solution not only improves system performance but also makes it suitable for limited- power applications. The performance of the key-generation system is characterised in terms of the bit-disagreement rate between the generated key sequences of communicating parties and the key randomness by means of the NIST statistical test suite.
Information security is a vital concern in Internet of Things (IoT). Traditional security method based on public or private key encryption scheme is limited by the trade‐off between low cost and high level of security. Among different security solutions, utilising compressed sensing (CS) in combination with the physical‐layer security to achieve the security is a remarkable method. However, in the current literatures, little attention has been given to the area of static environment, which will lead the risk of information leakage in the CS security model. In this study, the authors propose a new CS security model, in which circulant matrix is exploited to improve the generation efficiency of the measurement matrix, and binary resilient functions are utilised to enhance the security. Furthermore, considering the practical application, they present a feasible framework, named CS security scheme based on frequency‐selective, where the frequency‐selective feature of the wireless channel is applied to support the static environment. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, they conducted experiments and numerical simulations to evaluate the performance, and the results are satisfactory.
The rapid advancement of quantum computing poses critical challenges to traditional cryptographic infrastructures, particularly those relying on the hardness of mathematical problems such as RSA. Quantum cryptography provides a promising alternative by leveraging the principles of quantum mechanics for secure communication. In this work, we propose a lightweight quantum encryption scheme designed to deliver strong security properties suitable for next-generation consumer technologies, including the Internet of Things (IoT). The proposed protocol protects against multiple attack vectors, such as replay, side-channel, Sybil, and eavesdropping attacks, while simplifying key management through an identity-based mechanism. The system employs unitary transformations for qubit encryption, thereby ensuring confidentiality of probability amplitudes during transmission. Security validation using the Scyther tool demonstrates the protocol’s resilience against active and passive threats, while quantum simulation results on the IBM Perth device confirm its practicality and efficiency. The results indicate a 93.33% accuracy rate, closely aligning with theoretical expectations, making the scheme a strong candidate for secure communication in quantum-enabled consumer ecosystems.
Internet-of-Things (IoT) networks generally contain resource-constrained devices that require an energy-efficient key generation procedure to producing secure keys at a faster rate. The physical characteristics of the wireless channel can be exploited to secure communication within IoT networks. In particular, secret keys can be generated by leveraging on the randomness of the wireless physical channel between two communicating parties. The conventional mechanism of generating keys at the physical layer, i.e., using channel probing, quantization, information reconciliation, and privacy amplification, may not be preferable for IoT devices. In addition, in some cases IoT devices may be deployed in static environments, wherein the channel coherence time is too high to generate keys at a faster rate and with the desired randomness. This study proposes a mapping table-based key distribution scheme for IoT environments, wherein multiple characteristics of the random channel are combined to improve not only the key generation rate (KGR) but also the key agreement rate (KAR) and bit error rate (BER). In the proposed scheme, both the channel magnitude and the phase are exploited in the key generation process. The proposed scheme is immune to channel estimation errors while providing sufficient randomness in the static environment. Additionally, the scheme is thoroughly investigated for different scenarios including the case of a smarter eavesdropper, which attempts to estimate the channel between the legitimate nodes. This case verifies the robustness of the proposed scheme in different settings and attack models.