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International Journal of Quantum Information

Quantum discord dynamics of the GHZ state in Markovian environments

Dan Xue, Ming-Qiang Bai, Liang Tang, Si-Ting Xiong, Zhiwen Mo

Published Mar 24, 2023• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

In quantum mechanics, quantum discord is a valuable quantum resource. As a generalization of the initial quantum discord, the multipartite quantum discord (MQD) exhibits excellent properties in the complete monogamy relation. In this paper, the dynamics of MQD are investigated for the Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) state in Markovian environments. More specifically, it indicates that MQD of the GHZ state drops significantly over time in the depolarizing noise channel. Interestingly, quantum decoherence has no influence on MQD of the GHZ state in the Pauli channel [Formula: see text]. Subsequently, the analytical formulas of MQD are derived with six parameters in the Pauli channels [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively. This is conducive to more efficient use of the GHZ state for various quantum tasks.

DOI
10.1142/s0219749923500223

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In quantum mechanics, quantum discord is a valuable quantum resource. As a generalization of the initial quantum discord, the multipartite quantum discord (MQD) exhibits excellent properties in the complete monogamy relation. In this paper, the dynamics of MQD are investigated for the Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) state in Markovian environments. More specifically, it indicates that MQD of the GHZ state drops significantly over time in the depolarizing noise channel. Interestingly, quantum decoherence has no influence on MQD of the GHZ state in the Pauli channel [Formula: see text]. Subsequently, the analytical formulas of MQD are derived with six parameters in the Pauli channels [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively. This is conducive to more efficient use of the GHZ state for various quantum tasks.
Many-qubit entanglement is crucial for quantum information processing although its exploitation is hindered by the detrimental effects of the environment surrounding the many-qubit system. It is thus of importance to study the dynamics of general multipartite non-classical correlation, including but not restricted to entanglement, under noise. We did this study for four-qubit Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinga (GHZ) state under most common noises in an experiment and found that non-classical correlation is more robust than entanglement except when it is imposed to dephasing channel. Quantum discord presents a sudden transition in its dynamics for Pauli-X and Pauli-Y noises as well as Bell-diagonal states interacting with dephasing reservoirs and it decays monotonically for Pauli-Z and isotropic noises.
Abstract The original quantum discord (QD) is shown to be not monogamous except for the three-qubit states. Recently, a complete monogamy relation for multiparty quantum system was established for entanglement in (Guo and Zhang 2020 Phys. Rev. A 101 032301), and in addition, a new multipartite generalization of QD was proposed in (Radhakrishnan et al 2020 Phys. Rev. Lett. 124 110401). In this work, we firstly define the complete monogamy for this multipartite quantum discord (MQD) and the global quantum discord (GQD). MQD, with the same spirit as the complete monogamy of entanglement, is said to be completely monogamous (i) if it does not increase under coarsening of subsystems and (ii) if some given combination of subsystems reach the total amount of the correlation, then all other combination of subsystems that do not include all the given subsystems do not contain such a correlation any more. Here, coarsening of subsystems means discarding or combining some subsystems up to the given partition. Simultaneously, the complete monogamy of GQD is also defined with slight modification on the coarsening relation. Consequently, we explore all the coarsening relations of MQD and show that it is completely monogamous with a modicum assumption. In addition, with the same spirit, we investigate all the coarsening relations for GQD and show that GQD is not completely monogamous. That is, in the sense of the complete monogamy relation, MQD as a generalization of the original QD captures the nature of such a quantum correlation, and thus it is nicer than GQD as a generalization.
Abstract We investigate the influences of non-Markovian dissipation and global dephasing process on the dynamical behaviors of global discord among four qubits. We find that for the non-Markovian dissipation model W state is the most robust to decoherence compared to Dicke and GHZ states; however, for the global dephasing model Dicke state is the most robust to decoherence among them. Also the dynamical behaviors of global quantum discord are quite different from that of the multipartite entanglement for the non-Markovian dissipation model, while they are very similar to each other for the global dephasing model.
We investigate the influences of non-Markovian dissipation and global dephasing process on the dynamical behaviors of global discord among four qubits.We find that for the non-Markovian dissipation model W state is the most robust to decoherence compared to Dicke and GHZ states;however,for the global dephasing model Dicke state is the most robust to decoherence among them.Also the dynamical behaviors of global quantum discord are quite different from that of the multipartite entanglement for the non-Markovian dissipation model,while they are very similar to each other for the global dephasing model.
We study the dynamics of quantum dissension for three qubit states in various dissipative channels such as amplitude damping, dephasing and depolarizing. Our study is solely based on Markovian environments where quantum channels are without memory and each qubit is coupled to its own environment. We start with mixed GHZ, mixed W, mixture of separable states, a mixed biseparable state, as the initial states and mostly observe that the decay of quantum dissension is asymptotic in contrast to sudden death of quantum entanglement in similar environments. This is a clear indication of the fact that quantum correlation in general is more robust against the effect of noise. However, for a given class of initial mixed states we find a temporary leap in quantum dissension for a certain interval of time. More precisely, we observe the revival of quantum correlation to happen for certain time period. This signifies that the measure of quantum correlation such as quantum discord, quantum dissension, defined from the information theoretic perspective is different from the correlation defined from the entanglement-separability paradigm and can increase under the effect of the local noise. We also study the effects of these channels on the monogamy score of each of these initial states. Interestingly, we find that for certain class of states and channels, there is change from negative values to positive values of the monogamy score with classical randomness as well as with time. This gives us an important insight in obtaining states which are freely sharable (polygamous state) from the states which are not freely sharable (monogamous). This is indeed a remarkable feature, as we can create monogamous states from polygamous states Monogamous states are considered to have more signatures of quantum ness and can be used for security purpose.