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Quantum Computing, Communication, and Simulation

Hong-Ou-Mandel interference from distinct molecules on the same chip

Maja Colautti, Davide Bacco, Rocco Duquennoy, R. Emadi, Prosenjit Majumder, Pietro Lombardi, Ghülam Murtaza, Michael Hilke, F. S. Cataliotti, Alessandro Zavatta, Costanza Toninelli

Published Mar 8, 2023• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A major challenge in photonic quantum technologies is two-photon interference from distinct quantum emitters on the same chip. Here, we show and discuss recent results on Hong–Ou–Mandel interference experiments using couples of single organic molecules within few tens of microns, yielding post-selected visibilities of up to 97%. In particular, we discuss the potential interest for future realizations of measurement-device independent quantum key distribution protocols for information-theoretic secure communication.

DOI
10.1117/12.2649945

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A major challenge in photonic quantum technologies is two-photon interference from distinct quantum emitters on the same chip. Here, we show and discuss recent results on Hong–Ou–Mandel interference experiments using couples of single organic molecules within few tens of microns, yielding post-selected visibilities of up to 97%. In particular, we discuss the potential interest for future realizations of measurement-device independent quantum key distribution protocols for information-theoretic secure communication.
Scalability and miniaturization are hallmarks of solid-state platforms for photonic quantum technologies. Still a main challenge is two-photon interference from distinct emitters on chip. This requires local tuning, integration, and novel approaches to understand and tame noise processes. A promising platform is that of molecular single-photon sources. Thousands of molecules with optically tunable emission frequency can be easily isolated in solid matrices and triggered with pulsed excitation. We here discuss Hong–Ou–Mandel interference experiments using several couples of molecules within few tens of microns. Quantum interference is observed in real time, enabling the analysis of local environment effects at different time scales.
Scalability and miniaturization are hallmarks of solid-state platforms for photonic quantum technologies. Still a main challenge is two-photon interference from distinct emitters on chip. This requires local tuning, integration and novel approaches to understand and tame noise processes. A promising platform is that of molecular single photon sources. Thousands of molecules with optically tuneable emission frequency can be easily isolated in solid matrices and triggered with pulsed excitation. We here discuss Hong-Ou-Mandel interference experiments using several couples of molecules within few tens of microns. Quantum interference is observed in real time, enabling the analysis of local environment effects at different time-scales.
Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference is one of the most important experimental phenomena in quantum optics. It has drawn considerable attention with respect to quantum cryptography and quantum communication because of the advent of the measurement device independent (MDI) quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol. Here, we realize HOM interference, having a visibility of approximately 38.1%, using two independent heralded single-photon sources (HSPSs). The HOM interference between two independent HSPSs is a core technology for realizing the long-distance MDI QKD protocol, the quantum coin-tossing protocol, and other quantum cryptography protocols.
Single molecules in solid state matrices have been proposed as sources of single photon Fock states back 20 years ago. Their success in quantum optics and in many other research fields stems from the simple recipes used in the preparation of samples, with hundreds of nominally identical and isolated molecules. Main challenges as of today for their application in photonic quantum technologies are the optimization of light extraction and the on-demand emission of indistinguishable photons. We here present Hong–Ou–Mandel (HOM) experiments with photons emitted by a single molecule of dibenzoterrylene in an anthracene nanocrystal at 3 K, under continuous wave and also pulsed excitation. A detailed theoretical model is applied, which relies on independent measurements for most experimental parameters, hence allowing for an analysis of the different contributions to the two-photon interference visibility, from residual dephasing to spectral filtering. A HOM interference visibility of more than 75% is reported, which, according to the model, is limited by the residual dephasing present at the operating temperature.
Single molecules in solid-state matrices have been proposed as sources of single-photon Fock states back 20 years ago. Their success in quantum optics and in many other research fields stems from the simple recipes used in the preparation of samples, with hundreds of nominally identical and isolated molecules. Main challenges as of today for their application in photonic quantum technologies are the optimization of light extraction and the on-demand emission of indistinguishable photons. We here present Hong-Ou-Mandel experiments with photons emitted by a single molecule of dibenzoterrylene in an anthracene nanocrystal at 3 K, under continuous wave and also pulsed excitation. A detailed theoretical model is applied, which relies on independent measurements for most experimental parameters, hence allowing for an analysis of the different contributions to the two-photon interference visibility, from residual dephasing to spectral filtering.
Near-infrared Hong-Ou-Mandel quantum interference is observed in silicon nanophotonic directional couplers with raw visibilities on-chip at 90.5%. Spectrally-bright 1557-nm two-photon states are generated in a periodically-poled KTiOPO₄ waveguide chip, serving as the entangled photon source and pumped with a self-injection locked laser, for the photon statistical measurements. Efficient four-port coupling in the communications C-band and in the high-index-contrast silicon photonics platform is demonstrated, with matching theoretical predictions of the quantum interference visibility. Constituents for the residual quantum visibility imperfection are examined, supported with theoretical analysis of the sequentially-triggered multipair biphoton, towards scalable high-bitrate quantum information processing and communications. The on-chip HOM interference is useful towards scalable high-bitrate quantum information processing and communications.