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Quantum Computing, Communication, and Simulation

Multi-photon-contributed enhanced visibility of spectral two-photon quantum interference between thermal-gradient states of light

Anahita Khodadad Kashi, Lucia Caspani, Michael Kues

Published Mar 8, 2023• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Spectral Hong-Ou-Mandel effect is experimentally revealed between a thermal field and a heralded state. We demonstrate that multi-photon components in heralded state get engaged in quantum interference which is manifested in improved visibilities for certain mean photon numbers of the thermal field. A theoretical relationship is derived for the visibility, showing its compound dependency on the mean photon number per pulse period within the thermal field and the thermal part of the heralded state. Relying on pulsed excitation, we demonstrate an experimental approach for time-efficient acquisition of visibility. The results of this research are of potential application to high-speed remote secret key-sharing and combating the security gaps arising from multi-photon contamination.

DOI
10.1117/12.2649270

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Spectral Hong-Ou-Mandel effect is experimentally revealed between a thermal field and a heralded state. We demonstrate that multi-photon components in heralded state get engaged in quantum interference which is manifested in improved visibilities for certain mean photon numbers of the thermal field. A theoretical relationship is derived for the visibility, showing its compound dependency on the mean photon number per pulse period within the thermal field and the thermal part of the heralded state. Relying on pulsed excitation, we demonstrate an experimental approach for time-efficient acquisition of visibility. The results of this research are of potential application to high-speed remote secret key-sharing and combating the security gaps arising from multi-photon contamination.
The Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) effect is crucial for quantum information processing, and its visibility determines the system's quantum-classical characteristics. In an experimental and theoretical study of the spectral HOM effect between a thermal field and a heralded single-photon state, we demonstrate that the HOM visibility varies dependent on the relative photon statistics of the interacting fields. Our findings reveal that multiphoton components in a heralded state get engaged in quantum interference with a thermal field, resulting in improved visibilities at certain mean photon numbers. We derive a theoretical relationship for the HOM visibility as a function of the mean photon number of the thermal field and the thermal part of the heralded state. We show that the nonclassicality degree of a heralded state is reflected in its HOM visibility with a thermal field; our results establish a lower bound of 41.42% for the peak visibility, indicating the minimum assignable degree of nonclassicality to the heralded state. This research enhances our understanding of the HOM effect and its application to high-speed remote secret key sharing, addressing security concerns due to multiphoton contamination in heralded states.
The heralding technique has been widely deployed as a statistical approach to approximate deterministic single-photon states from the spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) process. As necessary for the two-photon Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) effect, the single frequency mode preparation of heralded single-photon states – which can be achieved by removing frequency correlations – introduces thermal characteristics to the heralded state, whose impact on the HOM visibility has not been explicitly studied so far.