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Journal of Taibah University for Science

Formation controllable two-dimensional surface optical lattices

S. Al‐Awfi

Published Mar 2, 2023• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

The evanescent light field created by total internal reflection at a dielectric-vacuum interface has tight spatial confinement and high local intensity.These properties become more robust when a dual layer of dielectric thin films with different thicknesses is deposited on a planar dielectric surface.Optical construction is promising in nanoscale trapping of absorbed atoms congregating at extreme light field intensity distribution regions on the dielectric surface.Here, we theoretically demonstrate the controllable two-dimensional surface optical lattices based on the evanescent electric field generated by the Hermite-Gaussian light beam.By considering the coupling of lattice to quadrupole-active atomic transitions, we show that the topologies cannot just have high stability, but also the optical potential deep, and thus the dynamic trapping can be governed by changing the design parameters of the optical construction.We expect that this study may contribute to providing another unique method for fabricating spatially complicated two-dimensional nanostructures.

DOI
10.1080/16583655.2023.2185002

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The evanescent light field created by total internal reflection at a dielectric-vacuum interface has tight spatial confinement and high local intensity.These properties become more robust when a dual layer of dielectric thin films with different thicknesses is deposited on a planar dielectric surface.Optical construction is promising in nanoscale trapping of absorbed atoms congregating at extreme light field intensity distribution regions on the dielectric surface.Here, we theoretically demonstrate the controllable two-dimensional surface optical lattices based on the evanescent electric field generated by the Hermite-Gaussian light beam.By considering the coupling of lattice to quadrupole-active atomic transitions, we show that the topologies cannot just have high stability, but also the optical potential deep, and thus the dynamic trapping can be governed by changing the design parameters of the optical construction.We expect that this study may contribute to providing another unique method for fabricating spatially complicated two-dimensional nanostructures.
Recent studies have involved electric quadrupole effects in atoms interacting with the evanescent mode. This type of surface mode is usually produced by the total internal reflection in a dielectric-vacuum atz=0, and its intensity distribution is very close to the outer surface z>0 half-space. Coating the planar surface of a dielectric substrate with multilayer dielectric thin film of different thicknesses provides an enhanced in such evanescent modes. This type of mode can be used purely as an atomic mirror. We show that the use of such elements for atomic optics gives significant enhancement of the evanescent mode magnitude without degrading the quality of the atomic reflection process. In addition, the decay depth of the evanescent mode can be conveniently controlled by design parameters. This property keeps the atom-light interaction timeτ, and thus the probability of decay emission, very low, which means a high degree of coherence property.
Recently, some physical research has recognized the coupling of optical phase singularity light with quadrupole-active atomic transitions. We show that a Laguerre-Gaussian beam, when completely internally reflected at the dielectric/vacuum interface, can generate a well-defined surface spiral beam with a two-dimensional intensity distribution confined to a sub-wavelength region near the interface outside of the dielectric. The quadrupole interaction has been shown to be significantly enhanced in the case of coating the planar surface of a dielectric prism using multilayer dielectric thin films of different thicknesses. The mechanical action on the atom due to the optical forces characterized by optical quadrupole transitions could greatly facilitate the revolution of optical manipulation of neutral atoms along the dielectric/vacuum interface. The typical optical quadrupole potential, evaluated for the atomic transition, corresponds to λ=675.0nm with ΓQ=7.8×105s-1, in Cesium atoms, which is a dipole-forbidden but quadrupole-allowed transition. The parameters used to compute the optical quadrupole potential are similar to those in recent experiments. The factors controlling the general enhancement are pointed out and discussed.
When a laser Bessel beam light is totally reflected internally at the planar surface of a dielectric on which a thin film has been deposited, a surface plasmons with phase singularities can be produced. This two-dimensional plasmons lead to an attractive potential with enhancement. Using this effect, we construct a model for optical trapping cold atoms. Efficiency of the trap will be presented by an ellipse with average radius r in the ( x , y ) directions and the distance d from planar surface in the z -direction.
Summary form only given. Electromagnetic fields have been used extensively to manipulate and control atoms. Intersecting light beams are used to create standing waves that act as an optical lattice potential. Evanescent fields at a surface can be used as a mirror to reflect atoms scattering on the surface. Atoms can propagate inside a hollow core fiber provided that an evanescent surface field keeps the atoms away from the inner wall. These fields are used to move and locate atoms so that they can interact, interfere, and entangle. We have been examining the two color scheme with realistic integrated optical waveguide structures. In this presentation, we show that two-dimensional and three-dimensional trapping configurations can be achieved for real waveguide structures. We discuss the design features that must be addressed to implement optical structures for use in atom optics.
The total internal reflection of a light with phase singularity, such as Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) light, can generate an evanescent wave. The distribution of this type of light is firmly localized in the vicinity above the dielectric surface and displays a rotational character. Any atom approaching the surface from the vacuum region interacts with evanescent wave and produces interesting rotational effects. Recent studies have established the coupling of LG beams to both electric atomic transitions; dipole and quadrupole according to the selection rules of each, permitted and prohibited. Due to the small magnitude of the quadrupole interaction compared to the dipole interaction, we chose the two counter-propagating beams configuration to generate the doubling Rabi frequencies with more stable surface optical forces. We describe the essential rotational features and discuss how they can be used to influence atoms. Atom confinement and dynamics in the interaction of surface optical vortices with the two different atomic transitions are illustrated using typical experimentally accessible parameters for the case of the Cs atom interacts with the LG10 mode.