Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

IEEE Internet of Things Journal

IQ-Impaired Wireless-Powered Modify-and-Forward Relaying for IoT Networks: An In-Depth Physical-Layer Security Analysis

Xingwang Li, Hongyan Qi, Dinh‐Thuan Do, Hui Zhang, Yuan Ding, Mingfu Zhu, Hongxing Peng

Published Feb 27, 2023• 12 citations
Publisher

Abstract

With the large-scale commercialization of 5G networks, the era of Internet of Things (IoT), which is oriented toward the Internet of Everything (IoE), is coming. Under the circumstance, reliable and secure communication are the great challenges for future wireless network because of the broadcasting characteristics of electromagnetic wave. Physical-layer security (PLS) is an effective way to ensure secure communication by exploiting random nature of fading channels. Motivated by this, we investigate PLS of the wireless-powered cooperative multirelaying for IoT networks in the presence of eavesdropper with the estimation errors of channel (EEC) and imbalance between in-phase and quadrature-phase (IIQ). Specifically, the relays can be charged by the source with the aid of energy harvesters, and a novel more secure modify-and-forward (MF) relay protocol is proposed. For further improving energy efficiency and reducing extra interference, the$K$th superior relay selection scheme is proposed since some best ones are not available due to some scheduling or failure. Based on the system under study, we derive the analytical expressions for the outage probability (OP), intercept probability (IP), and secrecy OP (SOP) to evaluate the reliable and secure performance of this consideration system. Particularly, we then analyze the asymptotic behaviors of the OP, IP, and SOP, respectively. Through computer simulation, we show that: 1) with EEC, the error floors of the OP and SOP are of presence; 2) multiple relays lead to better OP and SOP performance; and 3) IIQ improves the security and is detrimental to the system reliability.

DOI
10.1109/jiot.2023.3249964

Related papers

Opportunistic Relaying Against Eavesdropping for Internet-of-Things: A Security-Reliability Tradeoff Perspective

Xiaojin Ding, Yulong Zou, Fei Ding +2 more

This paper investigates the physical-layer security (PLS) of wireless transmissions with the aid of multiple decode-and-forward one-way relays in the presence of both eavesdropping attacks and channel estimation errors (CEEs). To protect wireless transmission with CEE, two opportunistic relaying schemes are conceived to upgrade the PLS of the wireless communications with the aid of relays, namely, the CEE-oriented pure relay selection (CEE-PRS) and CEE-oriented jammer-aided relay selection (CEE-JRS), respectively. Moreover, the security-reliability tradeoff (SRT) is designed due to that increasing the transmit power may enhance the reliability, but the security may be sacrificed concurrently, where the security and reliability are characterized by the intercept probability (IP) and outage probability (OP), respectively. We then analyze the IP and OP of the CEE-PRS and CEE-JRS schemes. Furthermore, both the CEE-oriented direct transmission (CEE-DT) and the perfect channel estimation-oriented direct transmission (PCE-DT) schemes are also analyzed for comparison purposes. It is shown that although the SRT of the wireless communications can indeed be degraded by the eavesdropping attacks in low CEE regions, the proposed CEE-PRS and CEE-JRS schemes are capable of significant improving the SRT performance of wireless communications, demonstrating the advantage of the proposed CEE-PRS and CEE-JRS schemes against eavesdropping.

IEEE Internet of Things Journal•Jun 18, 2019•24 citations

Security–Reliability Tradeoff Analysis for SWIPT- and AF-Based IoT Networks With Friendly Jammers

Tan Nhat Nguyen, Dinh-Hieu Tran, Trinh Van Chien +6 more

Radio-frequency (RF) energy harvesting (EH) in wireless relaying networks has attracted considerable recent interest, especially for supplying energy to relay nodes in the Internet of Things (IoT) systems to assist the information exchange between a source and a destination. Moreover, limited hardware, computational resources, and energy availability of IoT devices have raised various security challenges. To this end, physical-layer security (PLS) has been proposed as an effective alternative to cryptographic methods for providing information security. In this study, we propose a PLS approach for simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT)-based half-duplex (HD) amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying systems in the presence of an eavesdropper. Furthermore, we take into account both static power splitting relaying (SPSR) and dynamic power splitting relaying (DPSR) to thoroughly investigate the benefits of each one. To further enhance secure communication, we consider multiple friendly jammers to help prevent wiretapping attacks from the eavesdropper. More specifically, we provide a reliability and security analysis by deriving closed-form expressions of outage probability (OP) and intercept probability (IP), respectively, for both the SPSR and DPSR schemes. Then, simulations are also performed to validate our analysis and the effectiveness of the proposed schemes. Specifically, numerical results illustrate the nontrivial tradeoff between reliability and security of the proposed system. In addition, we conclude from the simulation results that the proposed DPSR scheme outperforms the SPSR-based scheme in terms of OP and IP under the influences of different parameters on system performance.

arXiv:2206.04428•IEEE Internet of Things Journal•Jun 14, 2022•57 citations

Security-Enhanced Relay and Jammer Selection for Energy-Harvesting IoT Networks

Hui Hui, Bo Wang, Bo Gou

Internet of Things (IoT), which can provide ubiquitous intelligence and pervasive interconnections to a variety of devices, is becoming a vital component of building the intelligent world. In this work we propose a new relay and jammer selection method to improve physical layer security (PLS) and energy efficiency for the IoT network with energy harvesting (EH) devices. In this method, the intermediate nodes are allowed to use time switching (TS) protocol to harvest energy from power transfer stations (PTS). By taking the channel gain between the PTSs and the intermediate nodes into consideration, two intermediate nodes are selected as relay and jammer respectively to transmit confidential and jamming signals to the destination and eavesdropper aiming at minimizing the secrecy outage probability (SOP). We further analyze the secrecy outage of the system and derive the closed-form expression of SOP. Simulation results demonstrate the performance gain of the proposed method.

Chinese Automation Congress•Nov 1, 2018•1 citation

Physical Layer Security in AF-Based Cooperative SWIPT Sensor Networks

Tan Nhat Nguyen, Dinh-Hieu Tran, Trinh Van Chien +6 more

Physical layer security (PLS) with radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting (EH) in wireless sensor networks has received significant interest as a technology for secure information transmission and prolonging the network lifetime, as well as improving energy efficiency. This article investigates PLS for a simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) cooperative network, which consists of multiple sensor sources, one EH relay (R), and one destination (D) in the presence of one eavesdropper (E). Furthermore, a low-complexity, suboptimal, yet efficient sensor source selection scheme is proposed. Specifically, one sensor source is chosen to transmit information to the relay and destination such that it obtains the best channel from sensor sources to the relay. Then, by considering two relaying strategies, termed the direct link plus static power splitting-based relaying (SPSR) and direct link plus optimal dynamic power splitting-based relaying (ODPSR), the performance analysis in terms of intercept probability (IP) and outage probability (OP) is carried out for each one. Notably, the eavesdropper and destination utilize maximal ratio combining (MRC) to incorporate the received signals from the selected sensor source and the relay, which poses new challenges in obtaining the analytical expressions. In this context, we derive analytical expressions for the OP (for SPSR and ODPSR) at the destination and the IP (for SPSR) at the eavesdropper by adopting the series representation of the modified Bessel function. Finally, Monte Carlo simulations are conducted to validate the theoretical analysis and the proposed schemes’ effectiveness. Simulation results show the superiority of our scheme compared to the benchmarks.

IEEE Sensors Journal•Dec 1, 2022•31 citations

Joint Single Relay and Jammer Selection for Physical Layer Security Enhancement in Internet of Things

Guangna Zhang, Yuanyuan Gao, Yigao Li +3 more

Internet of Things (IoT) plays a significant role in facilitating our work and making ease the life of human, for the reason that it can connect a lot of embedded devices to deal with many complicated and difficult tasks. However, security of IoT is more concern because every device is connected through internet network, and eavesdroppers are ready to steal or even uncover our private data. Therefore, in this paper, we propose joint single relay and jammer selection (JSRJS) to enhance the physical layer security (PLS) of IoT. Moreover, outage probability (OP) and intercept probability (IP) as well as the system tradeoff performance (STP) for JSRJS under Nakagami-m fading channel are analyzed, and OP, IP as well as STP of JSRJS are all compared with that of the pure single relay selection (SRS), respectively. Simulation results show that the OP of JSRJS is the same as that of SRS, while the IP of JSRJS is always better than that of SRS. In addition, the STP for JSRJS is also more perfect than that of SRS. Besides, as the number of relay nodes increases, the STP of these two approaches both improve notably.

International Conference on Communications, Circuits and Systems•Dec 1, 2018•2 citations

Secrecy Outage Probability of Relay Selection Based Cooperative NOMA for IoT Networks

Hui Li, Yaping Chen, Mingfu Zhu +4 more

As an important partner of fifth generation (5G) communication, the internet of things (IoT) is widely used in many fields with its characteristics of massive terminals, intelligent processing, and remote control. In this paper, we analyze security performance for the cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) networks for IoT, where the multi-relay Wyner model with direct link between the base station and the eavesdropper is considered. In particular, secrecy outage probability (SOP) for two kinds of relay selection (RS) schemes (i.e., single-phase RS (SRS) and two-phase RS (TRS)) is developed in the form of closed solution. As a benchmark for comparison, the SOP for random RS (RRS) is also obtained. To gain more meaningful insights, approximate derivations of SOP under the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) region are provided. Results of statistical simulation confirm the theoretical analysis and testify that: i) Compared with RRS scheme, SRS and TRS may improve secure performance because of obtaining smaller SOPs; ii) There exists secrecy performance floor for the SOP in strong SNR regime, which is dominated by NOMA protocol; iii) The security performance can be enhanced by augmenting the quantity of relays for SRS and TRS strategies. The purpose of this work is to provide theoretical basis for the analysis and design of anti-eavesdropping for NOMA systems in IoT.

IEEE Access•Dec 24, 2020•26 citations
With the large-scale commercialization of 5G networks, the era of Internet of Things (IoT), which is oriented toward the Internet of Everything (IoE), is coming. Under the circumstance, reliable and secure communication are the great challenges for future wireless network because of the broadcasting characteristics of electromagnetic wave. Physical-layer security (PLS) is an effective way to ensure secure communication by exploiting random nature of fading channels. Motivated by this, we investigate PLS of the wireless-powered cooperative multirelaying for IoT networks in the presence of eavesdropper with the estimation errors of channel (EEC) and imbalance between in-phase and quadrature-phase (IIQ). Specifically, the relays can be charged by the source with the aid of energy harvesters, and a novel more secure modify-and-forward (MF) relay protocol is proposed. For further improving energy efficiency and reducing extra interference, theKKKth superior relay selection scheme is proposed since some best ones are not available due to some scheduling or failure. Based on the system under study, we derive the analytical expressions for the outage probability (OP), intercept probability (IP), and secrecy OP (SOP) to evaluate the reliable and secure performance of this consideration system. Particularly, we then analyze the asymptotic behaviors of the OP, IP, and SOP, respectively. Through computer simulation, we show that: 1) with EEC, the error floors of the OP and SOP are of presence; 2) multiple relays lead to better OP and SOP performance; and 3) IIQ improves the security and is detrimental to the system reliability.
This paper investigates the physical-layer security (PLS) of wireless transmissions with the aid of multiple decode-and-forward one-way relays in the presence of both eavesdropping attacks and channel estimation errors (CEEs). To protect wireless transmission with CEE, two opportunistic relaying schemes are conceived to upgrade the PLS of the wireless communications with the aid of relays, namely, the CEE-oriented pure relay selection (CEE-PRS) and CEE-oriented jammer-aided relay selection (CEE-JRS), respectively. Moreover, the security-reliability tradeoff (SRT) is designed due to that increasing the transmit power may enhance the reliability, but the security may be sacrificed concurrently, where the security and reliability are characterized by the intercept probability (IP) and outage probability (OP), respectively. We then analyze the IP and OP of the CEE-PRS and CEE-JRS schemes. Furthermore, both the CEE-oriented direct transmission (CEE-DT) and the perfect channel estimation-oriented direct transmission (PCE-DT) schemes are also analyzed for comparison purposes. It is shown that although the SRT of the wireless communications can indeed be degraded by the eavesdropping attacks in low CEE regions, the proposed CEE-PRS and CEE-JRS schemes are capable of significant improving the SRT performance of wireless communications, demonstrating the advantage of the proposed CEE-PRS and CEE-JRS schemes against eavesdropping.
Radio-frequency (RF) energy harvesting (EH) in wireless relaying networks has attracted considerable recent interest, especially for supplying energy to relay nodes in the Internet of Things (IoT) systems to assist the information exchange between a source and a destination. Moreover, limited hardware, computational resources, and energy availability of IoT devices have raised various security challenges. To this end, physical-layer security (PLS) has been proposed as an effective alternative to cryptographic methods for providing information security. In this study, we propose a PLS approach for simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT)-based half-duplex (HD) amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying systems in the presence of an eavesdropper. Furthermore, we take into account both static power splitting relaying (SPSR) and dynamic power splitting relaying (DPSR) to thoroughly investigate the benefits of each one. To further enhance secure communication, we consider multiple friendly jammers to help prevent wiretapping attacks from the eavesdropper. More specifically, we provide a reliability and security analysis by deriving closed-form expressions of outage probability (OP) and intercept probability (IP), respectively, for both the SPSR and DPSR schemes. Then, simulations are also performed to validate our analysis and the effectiveness of the proposed schemes. Specifically, numerical results illustrate the nontrivial tradeoff between reliability and security of the proposed system. In addition, we conclude from the simulation results that the proposed DPSR scheme outperforms the SPSR-based scheme in terms of OP and IP under the influences of different parameters on system performance.
Internet of Things (IoT), which can provide ubiquitous intelligence and pervasive interconnections to a variety of devices, is becoming a vital component of building the intelligent world. In this work we propose a new relay and jammer selection method to improve physical layer security (PLS) and energy efficiency for the IoT network with energy harvesting (EH) devices. In this method, the intermediate nodes are allowed to use time switching (TS) protocol to harvest energy from power transfer stations (PTS). By taking the channel gain between the PTSs and the intermediate nodes into consideration, two intermediate nodes are selected as relay and jammer respectively to transmit confidential and jamming signals to the destination and eavesdropper aiming at minimizing the secrecy outage probability (SOP). We further analyze the secrecy outage of the system and derive the closed-form expression of SOP. Simulation results demonstrate the performance gain of the proposed method.
Physical layer security (PLS) with radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting (EH) in wireless sensor networks has received significant interest as a technology for secure information transmission and prolonging the network lifetime, as well as improving energy efficiency. This article investigates PLS for a simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) cooperative network, which consists of multiple sensor sources, one EH relay (R), and one destination (D) in the presence of one eavesdropper (E). Furthermore, a low-complexity, suboptimal, yet efficient sensor source selection scheme is proposed. Specifically, one sensor source is chosen to transmit information to the relay and destination such that it obtains the best channel from sensor sources to the relay. Then, by considering two relaying strategies, termed the direct link plus static power splitting-based relaying (SPSR) and direct link plus optimal dynamic power splitting-based relaying (ODPSR), the performance analysis in terms of intercept probability (IP) and outage probability (OP) is carried out for each one. Notably, the eavesdropper and destination utilize maximal ratio combining (MRC) to incorporate the received signals from the selected sensor source and the relay, which poses new challenges in obtaining the analytical expressions. In this context, we derive analytical expressions for the OP (for SPSR and ODPSR) at the destination and the IP (for SPSR) at the eavesdropper by adopting the series representation of the modified Bessel function. Finally, Monte Carlo simulations are conducted to validate the theoretical analysis and the proposed schemes’ effectiveness. Simulation results show the superiority of our scheme compared to the benchmarks.
Internet of Things (IoT) plays a significant role in facilitating our work and making ease the life of human, for the reason that it can connect a lot of embedded devices to deal with many complicated and difficult tasks. However, security of IoT is more concern because every device is connected through internet network, and eavesdroppers are ready to steal or even uncover our private data. Therefore, in this paper, we propose joint single relay and jammer selection (JSRJS) to enhance the physical layer security (PLS) of IoT. Moreover, outage probability (OP) and intercept probability (IP) as well as the system tradeoff performance (STP) for JSRJS under Nakagami-m fading channel are analyzed, and OP, IP as well as STP of JSRJS are all compared with that of the pure single relay selection (SRS), respectively. Simulation results show that the OP of JSRJS is the same as that of SRS, while the IP of JSRJS is always better than that of SRS. In addition, the STP for JSRJS is also more perfect than that of SRS. Besides, as the number of relay nodes increases, the STP of these two approaches both improve notably.
As an important partner of fifth generation (5G) communication, the internet of things (IoT) is widely used in many fields with its characteristics of massive terminals, intelligent processing, and remote control. In this paper, we analyze security performance for the cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) networks for IoT, where the multi-relay Wyner model with direct link between the base station and the eavesdropper is considered. In particular, secrecy outage probability (SOP) for two kinds of relay selection (RS) schemes (i.e., single-phase RS (SRS) and two-phase RS (TRS)) is developed in the form of closed solution. As a benchmark for comparison, the SOP for random RS (RRS) is also obtained. To gain more meaningful insights, approximate derivations of SOP under the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) region are provided. Results of statistical simulation confirm the theoretical analysis and testify that: i) Compared with RRS scheme, SRS and TRS may improve secure performance because of obtaining smaller SOPs; ii) There exists secrecy performance floor for the SOP in strong SNR regime, which is dominated by NOMA protocol; iii) The security performance can be enhanced by augmenting the quantity of relays for SRS and TRS strategies. The purpose of this work is to provide theoretical basis for the analysis and design of anti-eavesdropping for NOMA systems in IoT.