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Physical Review A

Precision measurement of Mg+25 -ion D1 and D2 transition frequencies

P. Hao, Ke Deng, Fang-Fei Wu, Zhiyu Ma, W. Z. Wei, W. H. Yuan, Yu Du, H. L. Liu, H. X. Zhang, Liren Pang, B. Wang, J. Zhang, Z. H. Lu

Published Feb 27, 2023• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The authors report the precision measurement of ${}^{25}$Mg${}^{+}$ ion-doublet transition frequencies using a decoherence-assisted spectroscopy method with the full use of spontaneous emission signals to improve the detection sensitivity. The results indicate that consideration of additional physical effects in theoretical calculations, such as the possible capture of electron correlations, is required.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.107.l020803

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The authors report the precision measurement of 25{}^{25}25Mg+{}^{+}+ ion-doublet transition frequencies using a decoherence-assisted spectroscopy method with the full use of spontaneous emission signals to improve the detection sensitivity. The results indicate that consideration of additional physical effects in theoretical calculations, such as the possible capture of electron correlations, is required.
We describe a high-resolution spectroscopy method in which the detection of single excitation events is enhanced by a complete loss of coherence of a superposition of two ground states. Thereby, transitions of a single isolated atom nearly at rest are recorded efficiently with high signal-to-noise ratios. Spectra display symmetric line shapes without stray-light background from spectroscopy probes. We employ this method on a (25)Mg+ ion to measure one-, two-, and three-photon transition frequencies from the 3S ground state to the 3P, 3D, and 4P excited states, respectively. Our results are relevant for astrophysics and searches for drifts of fundamental constants. Furthermore, the method can be extended to other transitions, isotopes, and species. The currently achieved fractional frequency uncertainty of 5 × 10(-9) is not limited by the method.
We demonstrate a method for precision spectroscopy on trapped ions in the limit of unresolved motional sidebands. By sympathetic cooling of a chain of crystallized ions, we suppress adverse temperature variations induced by the spectroscopy laser that usually lead to a distorted line profile and obtain a Voigt profile with negligible distortions. We applied the method to measure the absolute frequency of the astrophysically relevant D2 transition in single 24Mg+ ions and find 1 072 082 934.33(16) MHz, a nearly 400-fold improvement over previous results. Further, we find the excited state lifetime to be 3.84(10) ns.
We report an experimental determination of the ground-state hyperfine constant AAA of the 25Mg+^{25}\mathrm{Mg}^{+}25Mg+ ions by measuring the $|{S}_{1/2},F=2,m=0\ensuremath{\rangle}$ to $|{S}_{1/2},F=3,m=0\ensuremath{\rangle}$ transition (0-0 transition) frequency of the two ground-state hyperfine energy levels. The frequency is measured by rf resonant method in a Paul trap under a magnetic field of about 0.1 mT. The result is $A=\ensuremath{-}596.254$ 248 7(42) MHz. Different frequency shifts and uncertainties are evaluated. The main effect is quadratic Zeeman shift. Since the Paul trap is driven by rf on the electrodes, ac magnetic field can be induced by the rf at the site of the ion. The ac magnetic field causes quadratic Zeeman shift for ion frequency standards and also reduces the coherence time when the ion acts as a quantum bit. Precision measurement of this ac magnetic field can help evaluating the related uncertainty when a single-ion optical clock is established on the trap.
We have used stored ion methods to improve resolution and sensitivity in optical spectroscopy. Single atomic ions have been confined by electric and magnetic fields, cooled by laser radiation pressure to temperatures on the order of 1 mK, and probed spectroscopically with narrowband lasers. The absorption resonance of a single Hg + ion has been observed by a decrease in the transmitted light intensity. An ultraviolet transition in Hg + has been observed with a linewidth of only 30 kHz. Quantum jumps to and from metastable levels of Hg + have been observed and used to determine radiative decay rates and to infer the existence of photon antibunching. Quantum jumps have also been observed in single Mg + ions.
We demonstrate an efficient high-precision optical spectroscopy technique for single trapped ions with nonclosed transitions. In a double-shelving technique, the absorption of a single photon is first amplified to several phonons of a normal motional mode shared with a cotrapped cooling ion of a different species, before being further amplified to thousands of fluorescence photons emitted by the cooling ion using the standard electron shelving technique. We employ this extension of the photon recoil spectroscopy technique to perform the first high precision absolute frequency measurement of the 2D(3/2)→2P(1/2) transition in calcium, resulting in a transition frequency of f=346 000 234 867(96) kHz. Furthermore, we determine the isotope shift of this transition and the 2S(1/2)→2P(1/2) transition for 42Ca+, 44Ca+, and 48Ca+ ions relative to 40Ca+ with an accuracy below 100 kHz. Improved field and mass shift constants of these transitions as well as changes in mean square nuclear charge radii are extracted from this high resolution data.
We report precision spectroscopy of ionic-core transitions in alkaline-earth Rydberg atoms. We demonstrate high-resolution measurements of isotope shifts and hyperfine splitting of dipole transitions in ionic cores which have not been explored so far. A key element of this work is the reduction of the linewidth by more than two orders of magnitude enabled by dynamical control of Rydberg electron's orbit which significantly enhances the spectral resolution. Furthermore, to unambiguously identify the frequency shift, we directly compare core ion's spectrum with a signal from a single trapped ion serving as an ultimate frequency reference. This work provides an important foundation for quantum control of inner-core transitions, which offer an useful tool in manipulating Rydberg atom as well as a sensitive probe for electron-core interactions in atomic and molecular systems.