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Nanomaterials

Tunable Switching between Slow and Fast Light in the Graphene Nanodisks (GND)–Quantum Dot (QD) Plasmonic Hybrid Systems

Ghadah M. Almzargah, Mariam M. Tohari

Published Feb 23, 2023• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Plasmonic nanocomposites demonstrate unique properties due to the plasmonic effects, especially those with graphene within their structures, thereby paving the way to various promising applications. In this paper, we investigate the linear properties of the graphene-nanodisks--quantum-dots hybrid plasmonic systems in the near-infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum by numerically solving the linear susceptibility of the weak probe field at a steady state. Utilising the density matrix method under the weak probe field approximation, we derive the equations of motion for the density matrix elements using the dipole--dipole-interaction Hamiltonian under the rotating wave approximation, where the quantum dot is modelled as a three-level atomic system of Λ configuration interacting with two externally applied fields, a probe field, and a robust control field. We find that the linear response of our hybrid plasmonic system exhibits an electromagnetically induced transparency window and switching between absorption and amplification without population inversion in the vicinity of the resonance, which can be controlled by adjusting the parameters of the external fields and the system's setup. The probe field and the distance-adjustable major axis of the system must be aligned with the direction of the resonance energy of the hybrid system. Moreover, our plasmonic hybrid system offers tunable switching between slow and fast light near the resonance. Therefore, the linear properties obtained by the hybrid plasmonic system can be employed in applications such as communication, biosensing, plasmonic sensors, signal processing, optoelectronics, and photonic devices.

DOI
10.3390/nano13050834

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Abstract Graphene-based nanocomposites have recently attracted much interest due to the unique properties of graphene plasmons paving the way to promising potential applications. We study the near-infrared linear optical properties of the metal nanoparticle-graphene nanodisk- quantum dot hybrid system by numerically solving the equation of motion for the density matrix elements that describe the dynamics of the system where the quantum dot is modeled as a three-level atomic system of Λ configuration interacting with a weak probe field and strong control field. We obtain a strong switching between slow and fast light near resonance can be controlled by the distances between the components of the system, the size of metal nanoparticle as well as the Rabi frequency of the control field. Moreover, the proposed hybrid plasmonic system shows a significant amplification without population inversion can be effectively monitored by strength of the control field. Thus, we think that the metal nanoparticle-graphene nanodisk- quantum dot hybrid system has potential applications in communication, sensing, imaging, signal processing and optoelectronics devices.
Plasmonic nanocomposites have the ability to enhance light-matter interaction due to the plasmonic effects leading to promising potential applications. In this paper, we theoretically study the group index of the silver nanoparticle-gold nanoparticle-quantum dot plasmonic hybrid system in the optical region of the electromagnetic spectrum using the density matrix approach. The quantum dot is considered to be a three-level atomic system of a lambda configuration, interacting with strong control and weak probe fields. We find that the plasmonic hybrid system exhibits at near resonance a strong switching between slow and fast light, which can be controlled by the inclination angle of the gold nanoparticle and the size of the metals nanoparticles, in addition to the strength and detuning of the control field. Thus, the silver nanoparticle-gold nanoparticle-quantum dot could potentially be used in optoelectronic devices.
Plasmonic nanocomposites have the ability to enhance light-matter interaction due to the 1 plasmonic effects leading to promising potential applications. In this paper, we theoretically study the 2 group index of the silver nanoparticle-gold nanoparticle-quantum dot plasmonic hybrid system in 3 the optical region of the electromagnetic spectrum using the density matrix approach. The quantum 4 dot is considered to be a three-level atomic system of a lambda configuration, interacting with strong 5 control and weak probe fields. We find that the plasmonic hybrid system exhibits at near resonance a 6 strong switching between slow and fast light, which can be controlled by the inclination angle of the 7 gold nanoparticle and the size of the metals nanoparticles, in addition to the strength and detuning 8 of the control field. Thus, the silver nanoparticle-gold nanoparticle-quantum dot could potentially be 9 used in optoelectronic devices.10
Hybrid nanocomposites can provide a promising platform for integrated optics. Optical nonlinearity can significantly widen the range of applications of such structures. In the present paper, a theoretical investigation is carried out by solving the density matrix equations derived for a metal nanoparticles-graphene nanodisks-quantum dots hybrid system interacting with weak probe and strong control fields, in the steady state. We derive analytical expressions for linear and third-order nonlinear susceptibilities of the probe field. A giant self-Kerr nonlinear index of refraction is obtained in the optical region with relatively low light intensity. The optical absorption spectrum of the system demonstrates electromagnetically induced transparency and amplification without population inversion in the linear optical response arising from the negative real part of the polarizabilities for the plasmonic components at the energy of the localized surface plasmon resonance of the graphene nanodisks induced by the probe field. We find that the self-Kerr nonlinear optical properties of the system can be controlled by the geometrical features of the system, the size of metal nanoparticles and the strength of the control field. The controllable self-Kerr nonlinearities of hybrid nanocomposites can be employed in many interesting applications of modern integrated optics devices allowing for high nonlinearity with relatively low light intensity.
Hybrid nanoplasmonic systems can provide a promising platform of potential nonlinear applications due to the enhancement of optical fields near their surfaces in addition to the control of strong light-matter interactions they can afford. We theoretically investigated the optical multistability of a probe field that circulated along a unidirectional ring cavity containing a metal nanoparticle-graphene nanodisk-quantum dot hybrid system; the quantum dot was modeled as a three-level atomic system of Lambda configuration interacting with probe and control fields in the optical region of the electromagnetic spectrum. We show that the threshold and degree of multistability can be controlled by the geometry of the setup, the size of metal nanoparticles, the carrier mobility in the graphene nanodisk and the detunings of probe and control fields. We found that under electromagnetically-induced transparency conditions the system exhibits enhanced optical multistability with an ultralow threshold in the case of two-photon resonance with high carrier mobility in the graphene nanodisk. Moreover, we calculated the limits of the controllable parameters within which the switching between optical multistability and bistability can occur. We show that our proposed hybrid plasmonic system can be useful for efficient all-optical switches and logic-gate elements for quantum computing and quantum information processing.
Nanoplasmonic hybrid systems are novel materials due to their optical properties that can be manipulated by sub-wavelength structures of these materials paving the way for interesting optical phenomena such as superluminal propagation. We study the optical properties of metal nanoparticle-graphene nanodisks-quantum dots hybrid system using density matrix approach. The quantum dot is modeled as a three level lambda type configuration interacting with a weak probe field and strong control field. We realize that due to the surface plasmon effects, we can control the optical properties of the quantum dot including absorption, dispersion and group index by the geometrical features of these components in addition to the parameters of the interacting fields. A controllable switching between subliminal and superluminal propagation is observed at certain parametric conditions leading to interesting potential applications such as signal processing and optoelectronic devices.