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Spectral Hole-Burning and Related Spectroscopies: Science and Applications

Spatial Resolution of Spectral Hole-Burning-Based Information Storage

Inna Rebane, Jaak Kikas

Published Jan 1, 1992• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In the proposed 4D (3 spatial an 1 frequency dimension) optical memories two-or three-step spectral hole burning (SHB) by two or three light beams is used [1]. In 3D (2 spatial and 1 frequency dimension) optical memories a non-erasing readout is realized by two- step (photon-gated (PG)) SHB. Here we consider the effects of PG SHB on the spatial storage density in 3D and 4D optical memories.

DOI
10.1364/shbl.1992.tub20

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In the proposed 4D (3 spatial an 1 frequency dimension) optical memories two-or three-step spectral hole burning (SHB) by two or three light beams is used [1]. In 3D (2 spatial and 1 frequency dimension) optical memories a non-erasing readout is realized by two- step (photon-gated (PG)) SHB. Here we consider the effects of PG SHB on the spatial storage density in 3D and 4D optical memories.
Optical memories based on spectral hole burning (SHB) and stimulated photon echoes (SPE) are attracting much attention. Both approaches add an extra dimension for addressing (frequency and temporal dimension respectively) to the spatial dimensions. With these concepts the storage density can become 103 – 106 times higher than in conventional optical memories. In both approaches, the ratio of the inhomogeneous line width to the homogeneous line width of the ions activated in the storage process determines the improvement in storage density. Compared to the SHB approach, SPE has certain advantages including high R/W rate and ability to process the stored (spatial as well we temporal) information. Using SPE, the authors have experimentally realised the AND, OR and NOT logical operations [1,2]. Further all optical processing, such as temporal pattern recognition, can be done using SPE.
Summary form only given. Spectral hole burning (SHB) is a promising technique for optical recording of information with a potential to store in excess of 10/sup 4/-10/sup 5/ bits per /spl lambda//sup 3/ volume (Moerner, 1988). Highest storage capacity is achieved when frequency- or time-domain addressing is combined with addressing in three spatial dimensions by using a bulk SHB medium. However, so far both bit-by-bit and holographic SHB storage experiments were restricted to two spatial dimensions. This is because focusing a laser beam to a small volume inside the SHB medium is hindered by one-photon absorption in SHB material layers. We propose that this problem may be overcome by burning holes via two-photon absorption (TPA) (Demtro/spl uml/der, 1982; Takeda et al, 2000). TPA has been used earlier for conventional spectrally nonselective recording in photo-chromic materials by focusing two perpendicularly directed laser beams (with photon energies /spl planck//spl omega//sub 1/ and /spl planck//spl omega//sub 2/) on to one spot (Parthenopoulos and Rentzepis, Science, vol. 245, pp. 843-845, 1989). Since the sample is transparent for each beam separately, TPA occurs only at the beam intersection point. In this paper, we investigate frequency-selective SHB by TPA in organic dye-doped polymers at low temperature. In our experiments, the SHB medium is essentially transparent for the writing beams, which allows unrestricted penetration and focusing in the depth of the sample.
(1) Photochemical Hole Burning (PHB) has a possibility to offer us an optical memory with ultra-high data storage density of more than 1011 bits/cm2 theoretically1). Such high data density can be achieved by multiplexing the information additional wavelength dimension besides the x-y spatial domain. The multiplexing of the information is realized by burning a sequence of narrow spectral holes as signals in the spectrum of a PHB material. Then the degree of information multiplexing depends on the degree of the multiple holes in the spectrum. The most essential subject for PHB memory is how densely and how many multiple holes can be formed without any interaction between any two holes.
A theory of spectral hole burning (SHB) by light pulses of an arbitrary shape and duration is proposed. One- and two-step (photon-gated) SHB processes induced by laser pulses in two-, three- and four-level systems are theoretically considered. It is shown that for two-step SHB there exists a possibility of obtaining spectral holes which are narrower than in the one-step SHB with monochromatic light. In case of one- and two-step SHB the dependence of the shape of the hole on the duration of the burning pulse is considered (on two-step SHB the second pulse is Δ-pulse).
Persistent spectral hole-burning (PHB) has been proposed as the essential element of a frequency domain optical storage system1 in which the frequency at which a hole is burned in an inhomogeneously broadened absorption line at low temperatures serves as an additional dimension for the storage of digital information. Essentially all of the mechanisms studied until recently have been single-photon mechanisms, i.e., the photoionduced change leading to hole-burning (writing) for a given center occurs with a certain fixed probability after the absorption of one photon. Such linear, monophotonic processes suffer from the drawback that the act of detecting holes (reading) can also produce changes in the absorption line. Recent modeling studies of the generalized single-photon process2 have shown that thousands to tens of thousands of reads can be obtained from single-photon mechanisms only when the material possesses high quantum efficiency and low absorption cross section. These restrictive requirements do not apply for photon-gated hole-burning mechanisms, i.e., those mechanisms for which hole-burning occurs only in the presence of an additional “gating” light source, because for these mechanisms, reading is performed in the absence of the gating light and is therefore nondestructive.